为什么要压力测试
采购新设备，评估新设备性能
开发新项目，评估数据库容量
新系统上线前，预估/模拟数据库负载
更换数据库版本，评估性能变化
关注指标
CPU %wait，%user，%sys 内存 只内存读写，不产生swap IO IOPS、 iowait、 svctm、 %util 数据库 TPS/TpmC、吞吏量（QPS）、响应时长、 InnoDB指标 影响因素 硬件 – CPU（省电模式、超线程、多核） – 内存（镜像模式、 xen内核限制可用总内存大小） – 阵列卡(BBU、 CACHE、条带、读写策略、 FW) – 硬盘（SSD/SAS） 系统 – 内核参数（tcp相关） – 文件系统 – IO调度器 MySQL – TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL – Buffer pool – Concurrency thread – Redo log – Binlog sync – innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
---- 可靠性测试 模拟意外事件 – 断电(硬件冷重启) – RESET(硬件热重启) – 阵列卡掉线 – 磁盘掉线 – REBOOT(系统重启) – 正常关闭服务(kill -TERM) – 异常关闭服务(kill -9) – 磁盘空间满 – 删除文件 – 破坏性修改已打开文件 – … 长期极限高压 – 持续数小时、数天、数周运行高负载计算、 IO任务 – 考验服务器在高压下的性能波劢情况 – 考验硬件设备在高压下的稳定性表现 模拟恶劣环境 – 供电不稳 – 通风冷却不好 – 湿气大、灰尘多
注意事项
只在本地加压
压测数据量小
压测时间过短
压测模式太少
压力负载过大或过小
每轮测试完毕要净化环境
测试工具 sysbench，tpcc-mysql
# unzip sysbench-0.5.zip yum install automake libaio libaio-devel libtool -y -----LOAD,CPU,QPS,TPS,CONNECT,IO,NET/IN,NET/OUT [root@mysql5635 proc]# more loadavg 0.00 0.01 0.05 1/221 8408 [root@mysql5635 proc]# cat /proc/cpuinfo tar xvfz sysbench-0.4.12-1.1.tgz ./autogen.sh ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sysbench --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib && make && make install --cpu性能测试 ./sysbench --help ./sysbench: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [root@mysql5635 sysbench]# ls /usr/local/mysql/lib/|grep libmysqlclient.so.18 libmysqlclient.so.18 libmysqlclient.so.18.1.0 [root@mysql5635 sysbench]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf [root@mysql5635 sysbench]# ldconfig drivers/mysql/libsbmysql.a -L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient_r scripting/lua/src/liblua.a -ldl -lrt -laio -lm -pthread /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lmysqlclient_r
fileio - 文件 I/O测试
cpu - CPU系能测试
memory - 内存功能速度测试
threads - 线程子系统系能测试
mutex - 互斥性能测试
运行 – sysbench --test=[mode] [other_options] prepare – sysbench --test=[mode] [other_options] run – sysbench --test=[mode] [other_options] cleanup 通用基准 – 最大请求数：5,000,000 – 并发线程数：8 ~ 512 基准 – OLTP – mode=complex – engine=innodb – oltp-table-size=100,000,000 sysbench支持以下几种测试模式： 1、CPU运算性能 2、磁盘IO性能 3、调度程序性能 4、内存分配及传输速度 5、POSIX线程性能 6、数据库性能(OLTP基准测试)
测试用例
初始化测试库环境（总共10个测试表，每个表 100000 条记录，填充随机生成的数据）
./sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3317 --mysql-user=tpcc --mysql-password=***
--test=tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=10 --oltp-table-size=100000 --rand-init=on prepare
--test=tests/db/oltp.lua 表示调用 tests/db/oltp.lua 脚本进行 oltp 模式测试 --oltp_tables_count=10 表示会生成 10 个测试表 --oltp-table-size=100000 表示每个测试表填充数据量为 100000 --rand-init=on 表示每个测试表都是用随机数据来填充的 真实测试场景中，数据表建议不低于10个，单表数据量不低于500万行，当然了，要视服务器硬件配置而定。如果是配备了SSD或者PCIE SSD这种高IOPS设备的话，则建议单表数据量最少不低于1亿行。
在上面初始化数据参数的基础上，再增加一些参数，即可开始进行测试了：
./sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=tpcc --mysql-password=**** --test=tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=10 --oltp-table-size=10000000 --num-threads=8 --oltp-read-only=off --report-interval=10 --rand-type=uniform --max-time=3600 --max-requests=0 --percentile=99 run >> /tmp/2017080101.log
--num-threads=8 表示发起 8个并发连接 --oltp-read-only=off 表示不要进行只读测试，也就是会采用读写混合模式测试 --report-interval=10 表示每10秒输出一次测试进度报告 --rand-type=uniform 表示随机类型为固定模式，其他几个可选随机模式：uniform(固定),gaussian(高斯),special(特定的),pareto(帕累托) --max-time=120 表示最大执行时长为 120秒 --max-requests=0 表示总请求数为 0，因为上面已经定义了总执行时长，所以总请求数可以设定为 0；也可以只设定总请求数，不设定最大执行时长 --percentile=99 表示设定采样比例，默认是 95%，即丢弃1%的长请求，在剩余的99%里取最大值 即：模拟 对10个表并发OLTP测试，每个表1000万行记录，持续压测时间为 1小时。 真实测试场景中，建议持续压测时长不小于30分钟，否则测试数据可能不具参考意义。
--oltp测试
--创建db
mysql> create database sbtest;
/data/soft/sysbench-0.5/sysbench/sysbench --test=/data/soft/sysbench-0.5/sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp-table-size=5000000 --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-user=system --mysql-password=**** --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=sbtest --max-requests=0 --max-time=600 --oltp-tables-count=10 --reportinterval=10 --oltp-read-only=off --num_threads=8 prepare /data/soft/sysbench-0.5/sysbench/sysbench --test=/data/soft/sysbench-0.5/sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp-table-size=5000000 --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-user=system --mysql-password=**** --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=sbtest --max-requests=0 --max-time=600 --oltp-tables-count=10 --reportinterval=10 --oltp-read-only=off --num_threads=8 run >> /home/mysql/sysbench_20180806.log
测试结果解读如下：
[root@mysql5635 sysbench]# cat /home/mysql/sysbench.log sysbench 0.5: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 8 Report intermediate results every 10 second(s) Random number generator seed is 0 and will be ignored Threads started! -- 每10秒钟报告一次测试结果，tps、每秒读、每秒写、99%以上的响应时长统计 [ 10s] threads: 8, tps: 194.81, reads/s: 2737.20, writes/s: 780.05, response time: 206.36ms (99%) [ 20s] threads: 8, tps: 213.60, reads/s: 2991.02, writes/s: 856.40, response time: 176.82ms (99%) [ 30s] threads: 8, tps: 233.90, reads/s: 3274.61, writes/s: 934.00, response time: 111.08ms (99%) [ 40s] threads: 8, tps: 224.40, reads/s: 3141.18, writes/s: 899.19, response time: 87.77ms (99%) [ 50s] threads: 8, tps: 229.70, reads/s: 3215.82, writes/s: 916.01, response time: 138.09ms (99%) [ 60s] threads: 8, tps: 238.98, reads/s: 3346.58, writes/s: 957.24, response time: 70.88ms (99%) [ 70s] threads: 8, tps: 225.50, reads/s: 3156.95, writes/s: 901.19, response time: 97.78ms (99%) [ 80s] threads: 8, tps: 232.51, reads/s: 3255.48, writes/s: 931.25, response time: 105.51ms (99%) [ 90s] threads: 8, tps: 230.79, reads/s: 3230.76, writes/s: 921.56, response time: 117.30ms (99%) [ 100s] threads: 8, tps: 232.91, reads/s: 3259.58, writes/s: 932.15, response time: 121.99ms (99%) [ 110s] threads: 8, tps: 244.60, reads/s: 3422.53, writes/s: 979.41, response time: 80.64ms (99%) [ 120s] threads: 8, tps: 234.39, reads/s: 3284.13, writes/s: 936.05, response time: 87.45ms (99%) OLTP test statistics: queries performed: read: 383124-- 读总数 write: 109464-- 写总数 other: 54732-- 其他操作总数(SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE之外的操作，例如COMMIT等) total: 547320-- 全部总数 transactions: 27366 (227.99 per sec.)-- 总事务数(每秒事务数) deadlocks: 0 (0.00 per sec.)-- 发生死锁总数 read/write requests: 492588 (4103.90 per sec.)-- 读写总数(每秒读写次数) other operations: 54732 (455.99 per sec.)-- 其他操作总数(每秒其他操作次数) General statistics:-- 一些统计结果 total time: 120.0291s-- 总耗时 total number of events: 27366- 共发生多少事务数 total time taken by event execution: 959.7161s-- 所有事务耗时相加(不考虑并行因素) response time:-- 响应时长统计 min: 5.35ms-- 最小耗时 avg: 35.07ms-- 平均耗时 max: 455.91ms-- 最长耗时 approx. 99 percentile: 116.12ms-- 超过99%平均耗时 Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 3420.7500/15.36 execution time (avg/stddev): 119.9645/0.02
--获取数据
sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=system --mysql-password=**** --test=tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=3 --oltp-table-size=1000 --rand-init=on prepare sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=system --mysql-password='****' --test=tests/db/oltp.lua --oltp_tables_count=3 --oltp-table-size=1000 --num-threads=8 --oltp-read-only=off --report-interval=10 --rand-type=uniform --max-time=120 --max-requests=0 --percentile=99 run >> /home/mysql/sysbench.log
----20180905 浪潮服务器测试
# unzip sysbench-0.5.zip # yum install automake libaio libaio-devel libtool -y # ./autogen.sh # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sysbench --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/lib && make && make install drv_mysql.c:37:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory # yum install mysql-community-devel # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sysbench --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql && make && make install # echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sysbench/bin/">>/etc/profile # source /etc/profile [root@mysql1 sysbench-0.5]# sysbench sysbench --test=/usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench/oltp.lua --oltp-table-size=5000000 --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-user=system --mysql-password=**** --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=sbtest --max-requests=0 --max-time=600 --oltp-tables-count=10 --reportinterval=10 --oltp-read-only=off --num_threads=8 prepare sysbench --test=/usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench/oltp.lua --oltp-table-size=5000000 --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-user=system --mysql-password=**** --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=sbtest --max-requests=0 --max-time=600 --oltp-tables-count=10 --reportinterval=10 --oltp-read-only=off --num_threads=8 run >> /home/mysql/sysbench_20180906.log sysbench --test=/usr/local/sysbench/share/sysbench/oltp.lua --oltp-table-size=5000000 --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-user=system --mysql-password=***** --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=sbtest --max-requests=0 --max-time=600 --oltp-tables-count=10 --reportinterval=10 --oltp-read-only=off --num_threads=8 cleanup
--20190403
[root@localhost sysbench-0.5]# sysbench sysbench: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [root@localhost sysbench-0.5]# ll /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 25 Apr 3 15:37 /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 -> libmysqlclient.so.20.3.11 [root@localhost sysbench-0.5]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.20
tpcc--mysql--去掉外键,添加主键自增
https://github.com/yejr/tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk [root@mysql1 soft]# unzip tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master.zip [root@mysql1 tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master]# cd src/ [root@mysql1 src]# make cc -w -O2 -g -I. `mysql_config --include` -c load.c /bin/sh: mysql_config: 未找到命令 load.c:18:19: 致命错误：mysql.h：没有那个文件或目录 load.c:18:19: error: mysql.h: No such file or directory [root@hongquan1 src]# cp /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql.h . [root@hongquan1 src]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin [root@hongquan1 src]# make cc -w -O2 -g -I. `mysql_config --include` -c load.c /bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found [root@hongquan1 src]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@hongquan1 src]# make [root@hongquan1 src]# cd .. [root@hongquan1 tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master]# ll total 268 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1621 Mar 21 2017 add_fkey_idx.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6457 Mar 21 2017 create_table-autoinc-pk.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 477 Mar 21 2017 load.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 851 Mar 21 2017 README -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5534 Mar 21 2017 README.md -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1602 Mar 21 2017 run_tpcc.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 21 2017 schema2 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 21 2017 scripts drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 13 10:10 src -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 62899 Aug 13 10:10 tpcc_load -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2193 Mar 21 2017 tpcc_load_parallel.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 157354 Aug 13 10:10 tpcc_start [root@mysql1 tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/soft/tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master [mysql@mysql1 ~]$ mysqladmin -usystem -****' -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 create tpcc [mysql@mysql1 ~]$ mysql -usystem -p'mysql' -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -f tpcc < create_table-autoinc-pk.sql 加载数据 [root@mysql1 tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master]# ./tpcc_load 192.168.19.87:3306 tpcc system "*****" 10 [root@mysql1 tpcc-mysql-autoinc-pk-master]# time ./tpcc_start -h 192.168.19.87 -P 3306 -d tpcc -usystem -****' -w 10 -c 32 -r 120 -l 600 -f tpcc_mysql_2018081301
--tpcc-mysql
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26896862-id-3188313.html
--tpcc使用说明
下载TPCC-MySQL
[root@12crac1 software]# yum install bzr -y [root@12crac1 software]# bzr branch lp:~percona-dev/perconatools/tpcc-mysql You have not informed bzr of your Launchpad ID, and you must do this to write to Launchpad or access private data. See "bzr help launchpad-login". Branched 48 revision(s). [root@12crac1 software]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@12crac1 software]# cd tpcc-mysql/src/ [root@12crac1 src]# make cc -w -O2 -g -I. `mysql_config --include` -c load.c [root@12crac1 src]# cd .. [root@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]# ll -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 61199 Mar 30 23:38 tpcc_load--用于初始化数据 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 155934 Mar 30 23:38 tpcc_start--用于执行基准测试 基本配置 [root@12crac1 ~]# su - mysql [mysql@12crac1 ~]$ cd /data/software/tpcc-mysql/ [mysql@12crac1 src]$ mysqladmin create tpcc mysql> create database tpcc; – create_table.sql - 创建数据表 – add_fkey_idx.sql – 创建索引及外键 [mysql@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -usystem -pmysql tpcc < create_table.sql [mysql@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -usystem -pmysql tpcc < add_fkey_idx.sql mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_tpcc | +----------------+ | customer | | district | | history | | item | | new_orders | | order_line | | orders | | stock | | warehouse | 初始化加载数据 – tpcc_load db_host db_name db_user db_passwd db_warehouse_num – 例如：tpcc_load localhost tpcc1000 user passwd 1000 运行OLTP测试 – ./tpcc_start -h localhost -d tpcc1000 -u root -p '***' -w 1000 -c 32 -r 120 -l 3600 -f ./tpcc_mysql_20120314 基准 - OLTP – warehouse = 1000 – max connection = 8 ~ 512 – warm up = 120(s) – run time/duration = 3600(s) 测试用例 ./tpcc_start -h host -d db -u user -p passwd -w 500 -c 128 -r 120 -l 3600 -w warehose/仓库数 -c concurrent threads/并发线程 -r warmup/数据预热时长 -l during time/持续加压时长 [mysql@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]$ ./tpcc_load 127.0.0.1:3306 tpcc system "****" 10 ./tpcc_load: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.18: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [root@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18 --初始化数据 ./tpcc_load 127.0.0.1:3306 tpcc system "***" 2 ./tpcc_start -h 127.0.0.1 -d tpcc -usystem -p "***" -w 2 -c 2 -r 100 -l 300 > tpcc.out [root@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]# vim load.sh 介绍一下各个参数的用法 -h server_host: 服务器名 -P port : 端口号，默认为3306 -d database_name: 数据库名 -u mysql_user : 用户名 -p mysql_password : 密码 -w warehouses: 仓库的数量 -c connections : 线程数，默认为1 -r warmup_time : 热身时间，单位:s，默认为10s ,热身是为了将数据加载到内存。 -l running_time: 测试时间，单位:s，默认为20s--建议半个小时或一个小时 3600 -i report_interval: 指定生成报告间隔时长 -f report_file: 测试结果输出文件 [root@12crac1 tpcc-mysql]# ./tpcc_start -h 127.0.0.1 -d tpcc -usystem -p "***" -w 10 -c 10 -r 100 -l 300 -f /home/mysql/tpcc_mysql.log -t /home/mysql/tpcc_mysql.rtx ./tpcc_start -h 127.0.0.1 -d tpcc -usystem -p "***" -w 10 -c 10 -r 1200 -l 3600 > tpcc.out sc--成功,lt--延迟,rt--重试,fl--失败 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26896862-id-3563600.html --tpc 输出详情 STOPPING THREADS.......... <Raw Results> [0] sc:33640 lt:5 rt:0 fl:0 [1] sc:33648 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 [2] sc:3364 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 [3] sc:3364 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 [4] sc:3364 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 in 300 sec. <Raw Results2(sum ver.)> [0] sc:33640 lt:5 rt:0 fl:0 [1] sc:33648 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 [2] sc:3364 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 [3] sc:3364 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 [4] sc:3364 lt:0 rt:0 fl:0 <Constraint Check> (all must be [OK]) [transaction percentage] Payment: 43.48% (>=43.0%) [OK] Order-Status: 4.35% (>= 4.0%) [OK] Delivery: 4.35% (>= 4.0%) [OK] Stock-Level: 4.35% (>= 4.0%) [OK] [response time (at least 90% passed)] New-Order: 99.99% [OK] Payment: 100.00% [OK] Order-Status: 100.00% [OK] Delivery: 100.00% [OK] Stock-Level: 100.00% [OK] <TpmC> 6729.000 TpmC --TpmC 整体性能指标，本系统每分钟能够处理的订单数量,tpcc没有收集系统性能指标 --使用gnuplot生成图表 [root@12crac1 mysql]# yum install -y gnuplot [root@12crac1 mysql]# gnuplot [root@12crac1 mysql]# rm -f /var/run/yum.pid [root@12crac1 mysql]# yum install -y gnuplot-x11 [root@12crac1 scripts]# chmod +x analyze.sh [root@12crac1 scripts]# ./analyze.sh /home/mysql/tpcc_mysql1.log /home/mysql/tpcc_20160331.res Defined /home/mysql/tpcc_20160331.res [root@12crac1 scripts]# pwd /data/software/tpcc-mysql/scripts [root@12crac1 mysql]# vim log.conf [root@12crac1 mysql]# more log.conf set terminal gif small size 480,360 #指定输出成gif图片，且图片大小为550×25 set output "tcpp.gif" #指定输出gif图片的文件名 set title "MySQL Performance" #图片标题 set style data lines #显示网格 set xlabel "Time/s" #X轴标题 set ylabel "Data" #Y轴标题 set grid #显示网格 plot "tpcc_20160331.res" using 1:2 title "Total throughput" with lines 运行生成tcpp.gif： #cat log.conf | gnuplot ---20160415 ./tpcc_start -h 127.0.0.1 -d tpcc -usystem -p "mysql" -w 10 -c 10 -r 100 -l 300 > tpcc.out [root@12crac1 scripts]# ./analyze.sh /data/software/tpcc-mysql/tpcc.out >/home/mysql/tpcc_test.txt [root@12crac1 mysql]# cat log.conf |gnuplot Could not find/open font when opening font "arial", using internal non-scalable font [root@12crac1 mysql]# more tpcc_test.txt 1 1.403000 0 0.000000
fio在Linux系统下使用比较方便，iometer在window系统下使用比较方便，Orion是oracle的IO测试软件，可在没有安装oracle数据库的情况下模拟oracle数据库场景的读写。
--下载fio源码包
--检查aio依赖包
[root@12crac1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep aio libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 [root@12crac1 software]# tar xvfz fio-2.1.10.tar.gz [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./configure [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# make -j [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ll |grep fio -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3164335 Mar 30 22:48 fio [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./fio --help fio-2.1.10 [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./fio --cmdhelp [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./fio --enghelp --output --output-format=x --crctest Test speed of checksum functions --cpuclock-test Perform test/validation of CPU clock --runtime Runtime in seconds [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./fio -filename=/data/ -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest --output-format=json fio: pid=0, err=21/file:filesetup.c:63, func=unlink, error=Is a directory fio是用来对裸设备做测试的，所以你的-filename参数不能使用目录，而应该使用硬盘分区 fio是一个非常灵活的io测试工具 说明： filename=/dev/sdb1 测试文件名称，通常选择需要测试的盘的data目录。 direct=1 测试过程绕过机器自带的buffer。使测试结果更真实,是否使用directIO。 rw=randwrite 测试随机写的I/O rw=randrw 测试随机写和读的I/O bs=16k 单次io的块文件大小为16k bsrange=512-2048 同上，提定数据块的大小范围 size=5g 本次的测试文件大小为5g，以每次4k的io进行测试,每个线程写入数据量。 numjobs=30 本次的测试线程为30. runtime=1000 测试时间为1000秒，如果不写则一直将5g文件分4k每次写完为止。 ioengine=psync io引擎使用pync方式 rwmixwrite=30 在混合读写的模式下，写占30% group_reporting 关于显示结果的，汇总每个进程的信息。 此外 lockmem=1g 只使用1g内存进行测试。 zero_buffers 用0初始化系统buffer。 nrfiles=8 每个进程生成文件的数量 -thread：使用pthread_create创建线程，另一种是fork创建进程。进程的开销比线程要大，一般都采用thread测试。 ios=所有group总共执行的IO数. merge=总共发生的IO合并数. ticks=Number of ticks we kept the disk busy. io_queue=花费在队列上的总共时间. util=磁盘利用率
[root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./fio -filename=/dev/sda -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest --output-format=json { "fio version" : "fio-2.1.10", "jobs" : [ { "jobname" : "mytest", "groupid" : 0, "error" : 0, "read" : { "io_bytes" : 2159952, "bw" : 215973, "iops" : 13498, "runtime" : 10001, "slat" : { "min" : 0, "max" : 0, "mean" : 0.00, "stddev" : 0.00 .... [root@12crac1 fio-2.1.10]# ./fio -filename=/dev/sda -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest mytest: (g=0): rw=read, bs=16K-16K/16K-16K/16K-16K, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1 ... fio-2.1.10 Starting 10 processes Jobs: 10 (f=10): [RRRRRRRRRR] [100.0% done] [240.5MB/0KB/0KB /s] [15.4K/0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] mytest: (groupid=0, jobs=10): err= 0: pid=10322: Wed Mar 30 23:11:15 2016 read : io=1931.7MB, bw=197775KB/s, iops=12360, runt= 10001msec clat (usec): min=75, max=95487, avg=767.47, stdev=1761.01 lat (usec): min=77, max=95489, avg=777.35, stdev=1767.68 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 133], 5.00th=[ 215], 10.00th=[ 270], 20.00th=[ 334], | 30.00th=[ 382], 40.00th=[ 430], 50.00th=[ 486], 60.00th=[ 564], | 70.00th=[ 668], 80.00th=[ 836], 90.00th=[ 1192], 95.00th=[ 1896], | 99.00th=[ 4832], 99.50th=[ 7328], 99.90th=[23680], 99.95th=[38144], | 99.99th=[60160] bw (KB /s): min= 8399, max=32608, per=9.95%, avg=19677.21, stdev=5373.64 lat (usec) : 100=0.12%, 250=7.92%, 500=44.10%, 750=23.21%, 1000=10.76% lat (msec) : 2=9.29%, 4=3.18%, 10=1.08%, 20=0.19%, 50=0.11% lat (msec) : 100=0.03% cpu : usr=0.05%, sys=11.29%, ctx=133572, majf=0, minf=382 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued : total=r=123622/w=0/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: io=1931.7MB, aggrb=197775KB/s, minb=197775KB/s, maxb=197775KB/s, mint=10001msec, maxt=10001msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=122254/23, merge=0/25, ticks=54655/70, in_queue=54000, util=95.92%
==20180823
wget http://brick.kernel.dk/snaps/fio-2.2.5.tar.gz
yum install libaio-devel
随机读：(可直接用，向磁盘写一个2G文件，10线程，随机读1分钟，给出结果) fio -filename=/tmp/test_randread -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randread -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=2G -numjobs=10 -runtime=60 -group_reporting -name=mytest read 顺序读 write 顺序写 rw,readwrite 顺序混合读写 randwrite 随机写 randread 随机读 randrw 随机混合读写 ./fio -filename=/dev/sda -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest ./fio -filename=/dev/sda -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randrw -rwmixread=70 -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=100 -group_reporting -name=mytest1 ./fio -filename=/data -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest ./fio -filename=/data/ -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=randrw -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest --output-format=json ./fio -filename=/data/ -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -rw=read -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=100G -numjob=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest --output-format=json --iops [root@mysqlhq fio-2.2.5]# ./fio -filename=/dev/mapper/kylin-home -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randrw -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=500m -numjobs=10 -runtime=10 -group_reporting -name=mytest --output-format=json ==118 [root@hongquan1 fio-2.2.5]# ./fio -filename=/dev/sda -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randrw -rwmixread=70 -ioengine=psync -bs=16k -size=200G -numjobs=30 -runtime=100 -group_reporting -name=mytest1 mytest1: (g=0): rw=randrw, bs=16K-16K/16K-16K/16K-16K, ioengine=psync, iodepth=1 ... fio-2.2.5 Starting 30 threads Jobs: 30 (f=30): [m(30)] [100.0% done] [495KB/223KB/0KB /s] [30/13/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] mytest1: (groupid=0, jobs=30): err= 0: pid=1359: Thu Aug 23 16:16:29 2018 read : io=153456KB, bw=1531.3KB/s, iops=95, runt=100218msec clat (usec): min=33, max=1776.9K, avg=230518.12, stdev=295161.54 lat (usec): min=33, max=1776.9K, avg=230518.31, stdev=295161.57 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 52], 5.00th=[ 82], 10.00th=[ 119], 20.00th=[ 290], | 30.00th=[28544], 40.00th=[83456], 50.00th=[144384], 60.00th=[203776], | 70.00th=[268288], 80.00th=[362496], 90.00th=[585728], 95.00th=[905216], | 99.00th=[1368064], 99.50th=[1449984], 99.90th=[1646592], 99.95th=[1712128], | 99.99th=[1777664] bw (KB /s): min= 7, max= 677, per=3.92%, avg=60.01, stdev=46.19 write: io=63520KB, bw=649029B/s, iops=39, runt=100218msec clat (usec): min=40, max=1726.6K, avg=199873.39, stdev=299754.56 lat (usec): min=41, max=1726.6K, avg=199874.13, stdev=299754.51 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 56], 5.00th=[ 73], 10.00th=[ 87], 20.00th=[ 127], | 30.00th=[ 193], 40.00th=[ 354], 50.00th=[16320], 60.00th=[179200], | 70.00th=[248832], 80.00th=[342016], 90.00th=[552960], 95.00th=[872448], | 99.00th=[1384448], 99.50th=[1482752], 99.90th=[1695744], 99.95th=[1728512], | 99.99th=[1728512] bw (KB /s): min= 7, max= 186, per=5.75%, avg=36.39, stdev=23.70 lat (usec) : 50=0.65%, 100=8.68%, 250=14.30%, 500=5.25%, 750=1.63% lat (usec) : 1000=0.49% lat (msec) : 2=0.69%, 4=0.68%, 10=1.39%, 20=1.03%, 50=4.08% lat (msec) : 100=6.75%, 250=22.73%, 500=18.98%, 750=6.22%, 1000=2.55% lat (msec) : 2000=3.90% cpu : usr=0.00%, sys=0.01%, ctx=13467, majf=0, minf=5 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued : total=r=9591/w=3970/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0, drop=r=0/w=0/d=0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: io=153456KB, aggrb=1531KB/s, minb=1531KB/s, maxb=1531KB/s, mint=100218msec, maxt=100218msec WRITE: io=63520KB, aggrb=633KB/s, minb=633KB/s, maxb=633KB/s, mint=100218msec, maxt=100218msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=10366/4808, merge=2971/339, ticks=2457713/996312, in_queue=3471461, util=100.00% ==226 Starting 30 threads Jobs: 30 (f=30): [m(30)] [0.0% done] [2157KB/1326KB/0KB /s] [134/82/0 iops] [eta 04d:15h:34m:27s] mytest1: (groupid=0, jobs=30): err= 0: pid=15910: Thu Aug 23 17:03:17 2018 read : io=1174.1MB, bw=11987KB/s, iops=749, runt=100365msec clat (usec): min=18, max=1509.4K, avg=39328.95, stdev=97965.98 lat (usec): min=18, max=1509.4K, avg=39329.08, stdev=97965.99 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 27], 5.00th=[ 38], 10.00th=[ 85], 20.00th=[ 5216], | 30.00th=[ 8512], 40.00th=[11584], 50.00th=[16064], 60.00th=[22144], | 70.00th=[30592], 80.00th=[43776], 90.00th=[74240], 95.00th=[124416], | 99.00th=[497664], 99.50th=[700416], 99.90th=[1335296], 99.95th=[1449984], | 99.99th=[1466368] bw (KB /s): min= 10, max= 1238, per=3.81%, avg=456.55, stdev=290.27 write: io=494432KB, bw=4926.4KB/s, iops=307, runt=100365msec clat (usec): min=57, max=852603, avg=1574.68, stdev=19490.91 lat (usec): min=57, max=852604, avg=1575.08, stdev=19490.91 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 64], 5.00th=[ 70], 10.00th=[ 75], 20.00th=[ 82], | 30.00th=[ 89], 40.00th=[ 98], 50.00th=[ 111], 60.00th=[ 139], | 70.00th=[ 426], 80.00th=[ 636], 90.00th=[ 1624], 95.00th=[ 2448], | 99.00th=[ 6368], 99.50th=[19840], 99.90th=[346112], 99.95th=[464896], | 99.99th=[659456] bw (KB /s): min= 8, max= 773, per=4.15%, avg=204.32, stdev=134.39 lat (usec) : 20=0.01%, 50=5.23%, 100=14.37%, 250=8.37%, 500=2.12% lat (usec) : 750=2.72%, 1000=1.01% lat (msec) : 2=2.93%, 4=4.07%, 10=13.03%, 20=15.51%, 50=18.59% lat (msec) : 100=7.23%, 250=3.06%, 500=1.04%, 750=0.40%, 1000=0.16% lat (msec) : 2000=0.16% cpu : usr=0.02%, sys=0.05%, ctx=106098, majf=0, minf=7 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued : total=r=75194/w=30902/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0, drop=r=0/w=0/d=0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: io=1174.1MB, aggrb=11987KB/s, minb=11987KB/s, maxb=11987KB/s, mint=100365msec, maxt=100365msec WRITE: io=494432KB, aggrb=4926KB/s, minb=4926KB/s, maxb=4926KB/s, mint=100365msec, maxt=100365msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=75535/30918, merge=1152/5, ticks=2952491/48125, in_queue=3007268, util=100.00% ==145 mytest1: (groupid=0, jobs=30): err= 0: pid=29172: Thu Aug 23 17:27:52 2018 read : io=1471.8MB, bw=14105KB/s, iops=881, runt=106844msec clat (usec): min=19, max=8208.3K, avg=30723.67, stdev=167017.33 lat (usec): min=19, max=8208.3K, avg=30723.84, stdev=167017.33 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 25], 5.00th=[ 29], 10.00th=[ 34], 20.00th=[ 45], | 30.00th=[ 61], 40.00th=[ 118], 50.00th=[ 676], 60.00th=[ 6432], | 70.00th=[17024], 80.00th=[38144], 90.00th=[80384], 95.00th=[120320], | 99.00th=[244736], 99.50th=[428032], 99.90th=[1728512], 99.95th=[5079040], | 99.99th=[6193152] bw (KB /s): min= 1, max= 1937, per=4.38%, avg=617.23, stdev=324.41 write: io=625072KB, bw=5850.4KB/s, iops=365, runt=106844msec clat (usec): min=59, max=8208.4K, avg=3492.90, stdev=64545.70 lat (usec): min=60, max=8208.4K, avg=3517.20, stdev=64601.41 clat percentiles (usec): | 1.00th=[ 69], 5.00th=[ 80], 10.00th=[ 90], 20.00th=[ 113], | 30.00th=[ 219], 40.00th=[ 450], 50.00th=[ 494], 60.00th=[ 548], | 70.00th=[ 700], 80.00th=[ 988], 90.00th=[ 2160], 95.00th=[ 3984], | 99.00th=[35584], 99.50th=[123392], 99.90th=[552960], 99.95th=[667648], | 99.99th=[1003520] bw (KB /s): min= 1, max= 1052, per=4.54%, avg=265.60, stdev=152.50 lat (usec) : 20=0.01%, 50=17.05%, 100=14.41%, 250=8.37%, 500=8.76% lat (usec) : 750=8.01%, 1000=3.49% lat (msec) : 2=4.48%, 4=3.92%, 10=5.43%, 20=5.85%, 50=8.23% lat (msec) : 100=6.78%, 250=4.44%, 500=0.41%, 750=0.11%, 1000=0.04% lat (msec) : 2000=0.13%, >=2000=0.06% cpu : usr=0.19%, sys=0.22%, ctx=133273, majf=0, minf=19 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued : total=r=94192/w=39067/d=0, short=r=0/w=0/d=0, drop=r=0/w=0/d=0 latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1 Run status group 0 (all jobs): READ: io=1471.8MB, aggrb=14105KB/s, minb=14105KB/s, maxb=14105KB/s, mint=106844msec, maxt=106844msec WRITE: io=625072KB, aggrb=5850KB/s, minb=5850KB/s, maxb=5850KB/s, mint=106844msec, maxt=106844msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=94438/39072, merge=49/0, ticks=2855388/142114, in_queue=2997516, util=95.88%