python3.6.1+selenium3.0环境安装问题及解决方法

脚本：（打开火狐浏览器，进入百度网页，搜索selenium）

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Firefox();
browser.get("http://www.baidu.com");
browser.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("selenium");
browser.find_element_by_id("su").click();
browser.quit();

执行脚本报错1：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdrivercommonservice.py", line 74, in start
    stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsubprocess.py", line 707, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsubprocess.py", line 990, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathScriptsaidu.py", line 3, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Firefox();
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverfirefoxwebdriver.py", line 142, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdrivercommonservice.py", line 81, in start
    os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH. 

 这里提到geckodriver驱动，selenium3.x中，firefox浏览器驱动独立，需要单独安装；
解决方法：下载geckodriver驱动，将其放入python安装路径中，确保path中已添加该路径；

再次执行脚本，报错2：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathScriptsaidu.py", line 3, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Firefox();
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverfirefoxwebdriver.py", line 152, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emotewebdriver.py", line 98, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emotewebdriver.py", line 188, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emotewebdriver.py", line 256, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emoteerrorhandler.py", line 194, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities

解决方法：

1. 检查本机java版本，selenium3.x只支持java8版本以上，这里符合要求；

2. geckodriver版本是v0.16.1 ，firefox浏览器版本是45，卸载firefox，安装最新版本的firefox版本53；

运行脚本，可以正常执行。

 
脚本：（打开谷歌浏览器，进入百度网页，搜索selenium）

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome();
browser.get("http://www.baidu.com");
browser.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("selenium");
browser.find_element_by_id("su").click();
browser.quit();

脚本执行报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathScriptsaidu.py", line 4, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Chrome();
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverchromewebdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emotewebdriver.py", line 98, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emotewebdriver.py", line 188, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emotewebdriver.py", line 256, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:2017programming languagepythoninstallPathlibsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver
emoteerrorhandler.py", line 194, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: unrecognized Blink revision: fcbc16eadeff40b48fbd6b4694fb8487aededbc2
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.10.267521,platform=Windows NT 6.1 SP1 x86)

解决方法： chromedriver与chrome版本不匹配，安装与当前chrome浏览器版本匹配的驱动。

下图是转载hui_yong的博客，详细介绍了驱动和浏览器版本的支持情况，可供参考。