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  • 英语语法之从句

    从句

    1.为什么要学从句?

    • 可以帮助在写作和翻译时做到游刃有余,加快阅读速度;
    • 当我们修饰一个人或物时,如果只有一个形容词有时会显得太过乏力;
    • 当简单句中的6个成分要用句子扮演时,就有了从句;

    2.从句连词

    主从句之间如何连接?| 使用从句的连接词;

    从句连词

    • 1.别丢了;
    • 2.当脑袋(放在从句的左边)

    学从句就是学连词;

    3.从句分为:

    1. 主角从句;
    2. 定语从句;
    3. 同位语从句;

    主角从句(主宾表)

    主角从句--->主/宾/表语从句,删去则主句不完整

    主角从句连词

    配角连词

    • that,无语义,不起作用;
    • whether,连接从句的同时起“是否”的含义;
    • whether和if一般不能替换,为了避免出错,当需要用"是否"连接从句时可以只用whether;

    1. that

    The fact is that  you are right.

    我特点相信:你爱我。

    I do believe that you love me.

    问题是:你错了。

    The problem is that you are wrong.

    2. whether/if

    The problem is whether you are right.  // 表语从句

    我不知道:你是否爱我。

    I don't know whether you love me.  // 宾语从句

    3. whether/if 辨析

    主语从句位于句首:不用if;
    If we need is it a different matter.  //错误
    
    宾语从句中有 or not:不用if;
    It doesn't matter if she will come or not.  //错误
    
    表语从句:不用if;
    The problem is if we need it.  //错误
    
    不定式:不用if;
    I don't know if to go or not.  //错误

    主角连词

    • 缺主语用who,缺宾语用whom;
    • 从句里缺东西,统一用what;
    • 从句里缺时间地点原因,用when/where/why;

    1. who/whom:缺人

    Who laughs last laughs best.  // 主语从句

    Whom i trust is you.  // 主语从句

    爱我的人:是你。

    Who loves me is you.  // Sb loves me is you. sb在这里做主语,用who的主语形式

    我爱的人:是你。

    Whom i love is you.  // I love whom is you. sb在这里做宾语,用who的宾语形式

    缺主语用who,缺宾语用whom;

    2. what:缺物

    What i love is music.  // i love what is music. 

    3. when / where / why / how:缺状语

    I forget where i met you.  // 宾语从句

     告诉我:你为什么爱他?

    Tell me why you love him.

    主语从句

     Who dares wins.  // 勇者胜。

     不会翻译的时候,将连接词还原回从句,从左往右,顺着翻。

     

    that 主语从句

    一句话做主语,那么这句话就是主语从句。

    • 有的时候看句子,不是一个名词作主语,也不是一个代词做主语,根据意思判断是一句话做主语,那么这句话就是主语从句
    • that引导的主语从句是不缺东西的,但因为如果将that去掉,整句话就会出现一个以上的动词,所以不能去掉that;

    1.置于句首

    That you will pass the CET is an undoubeted fact.

    2.置于句末

    It's clear that he is a college student.

    你掌握语法是可能的

    It's possible that you master grammer.

    you master program is possible. //错误的
    that you master is possible. //80分翻译
    It is possible that you master grammer. //标准翻译

    3.置于句末(被动式)

    it's reported/believed that...

    据报道,今年中国快递服务将递送大约120亿件包裹。

    It's reported that this year, China's courier service will deliver approximately 12 billion packages.

    众所周知,眼见为实。  // 眼见为实是众所周知的。

    seeing is believing is well known.  // 错误

    that seeing is believing is well known.

    It is well known that seeing is believing.

    以上,that从句,常用于翻译写作,功能句,
    要求:写作翻译题时能有意识的利用;

    以下,会翻译或者读懂即可,不用会写。

    宾语从句

    1.在及物动词后作宾语(that可省)

    I learned that love, no time, heals all wounds.

    I believe what you believe.  // I believe (you believe what ). 

    2.在介词后做宾语

    We are in agreement with what you say.  // We are in agreement with (you say what).

    表语从句

    表语:置于系动词(be)之后,解释,描述主语。

    Loving is watching films with you.  // 是主系表结构,但不是表语从句,只是简单句。

    You are what you repeatedly do.  // You are  (you repeatedly do what).

    问题在于你是否真的爱我。

    The problem is whether you love me.

    This is what i've alaways wanted to talk to you: xxx.  // This is (i've alaways wanted to talk what to you: xxx).

    定语从句

    • 定语修饰名词,定语从句也修饰名词;
    • 定语从句永远放在它修饰的名词后面;
    • 定语从句删去不影响主句完整;

     长的定语放后面

    定语从句连词

    1.who/whom 修饰人

    I love the girl   who is a artist.

    2.which/that 修饰物

    I love Sichuan Cuisine  which/that you recommend.

    只能用that的情况:

    • 1.先行词为不定代词 everything/all/nothing 等;
    • 2.先行词被all/no/only/just等强调;
    • 3.先行词为数字,序数词,最高级;
    • 4.先行词包含人或物;
    • 5.先行词在从句中做表语;

    不定代词:不确定具体某人某物的代词;
    示例:听说你谈恋爱了? 谁说的,不知道谁说的。

    只能用which的情况:

    • 1.引导非限;
    • 2.介词+which;
    • 3.前有that定从;
    • 4.先行词为that;

    当定语从句修饰的不是一个人,不是一个物,而是一句话的时候,就是非限定从,连接词只能用which
    eg:I love the girl, which is true;

    3.which 修饰句子

    I love the girl, which is true.  // 我喜欢这个女孩,是真的。

    I love the girl who is beaytiful.  // 我喜欢这个漂亮的女孩。 // 定语从句,修饰人,不是修饰句子

    非限定从与听力考试

    如果听力中出现了非限定从,那么非限定从那句话就是重点;非限定从前面一个时间,后面出现一个时间,那么就选后面的那个时间。

    非限定从与写译

    中国的经济正快速发展,这让汉语在全世界范围内很受欢迎;

    economy is developing, which makes Chinese popular.

    Never do anything that cannot be on the front page.

    Suggested admission: The amount you pay is up to you.  // Suggested admission: The amount (that you pay) is up to you.

    状语从句

    • 时间 when while as after before until
    • 地点 where
    • 原因 because for as since
    • 目的 (so) that ; in order that
    • 结果 so...that...
    • 条件 if
    • 让步 while although
    • 方式 When in rome,  do as the Romans do.

    状语从句比较简单,不细讲;

    • 定语=穿什么衣服出门;
    • 状语=出门的状态;

    同位语从句

    同位语放在名词后面,去解释这个名词;

    • 完整句,删去不影响主句完整;

    同从有很多个连词,但四六级考察的,只需要知道that连接词;

    同从特点:

    • 1.连接词(只需要)用that;
    • 2.从句是完整的;
    • 3.同从紧紧地跟在名词后面,他们之间是等于的关系;

     I cling to the idea  that you are right.  //  I cling to the idea 我认为

    我们得出结论:眼见为实。

    We draw a conclusion  that seeing is believing.

    裸看法

    三脱 | 简化长难句,突出句子主干,体改阅读速度

    一.脱掉 逗号,破折号内的插入语; 
    
    二.脱掉 介词短语以及 to do不定式;
    
    三.脱掉从句 | 连接词(或介词+which)为头,从句内的第二个动词前为尾,掐头去尾;

    三.脱掉从句 | 连接词(或介词+which)为头,从句内的第二个动词前为尾,掐头去尾;

    脱从句

    在连接词前面画一根竖线,在第二个动词画一条竖线,去掉两个竖线中间的;
    如果脱从句时,没有第二个动词,就直接将整个从句脱掉;

    脱从句语法示例:
    content1 | which(引导的从句) content2 v(第一个动词) content3 | v(第二个动词) --->
    content1 v(第二个动词)

    脱从句示例1:

    Everything that has a begin has a end. --->

    Everything | that has a beginhas a end. --->

    Everything has a end.  // 主干

    脱从句示例2:

    That which does not kill us makes us stronger. --->

    That | which does not kill usmakes us stronger. --->

    That makes us stronger.  // 主干

    组合脱:

    • 1.脱插入语
    • 2.脱介短/to do
    • 3.脱从句

    (找到主干)脱的时候按照上面的顺序脱,(理解整句)穿的时候按照上面的逆序去理解句子;

    裸看法综合示例

    裸看法与选词填空

    Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->

    Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place. --->

    Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital  in the first place. --->

    Many patients also ___ better understanding  of the illnesses that landed them  in the hospital  in the first place. --->

    Many patients also ___ better understanding of the illnesses  | that  landed them in the hospital in the first place.  // 没有第二个动词,直接划掉整句 --->

    Many patients also ___ better understanding。// 主干

    由此可见,这里缺一个动词, 根据后面的landed,判断是v-ed形式。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yifchan/p/english-1-2.html
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