zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 【树上静态链分治】【CF741D】Arpa’s letter-marked tree and Mehrdad’s Dokhtar-kosh paths

    Description

    给定一棵 (n) 个节点的树,每条边上有一个字符,字符集大小 (22),求每个节点的子树内最长的简单路径使得路径上的字符经过重排后构成回文串。

    Limitation

    (1~leq~n~leq~500000,~ ext{字符集}~=~['a',~'v'])

    Solution

    考虑一条路径能构成回文串当且仅当路径上的字符出现奇数次的至多为一个。由于字符集大小很小,我们考虑状态压缩,即每个字符对应二进制位上的一个 (1)。考虑从每个点出发向下走,显然链长越深越好。于是我们对每个节点 (u) 的每个状态 (S) 维护从点 (u) 出发向下走路径状态为 (S) 的终点的最大深度。该点的答案易于求得,即为所有异或起来至多有一个 (1) 的状态组深度和减去两倍的该点深度。

    考虑树上静态链分治(这是 lxl 的叫法,普遍叫法好像叫 DSU on tree),只用一个 (f) 数组维护全局信息

    先进行轻重链剖分。考虑dfs的时候先递归轻儿子,递归结束后清空 (f) 数组,然后递归重儿子,递归结束后不清空 (f) 数组,枚举轻儿子的子树,将子树的信息加入 (f) 数组即可。考虑复杂度:每个节点的信息每次经过合并会增大一倍,于是复杂度 (O(n~log n))

    事实上链分治的的流程为:

    递归轻儿子,清空数据结构

    递归重儿子,不清空数据结构

    向数据结构中加入轻儿子及其子树的信息

    Code

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    #include <algorithm>
    #ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
    #define freopen(a, b, c)
    #endif
    
    typedef long long int ll;
    
    namespace IPT {
    	const int L = 1000000;
    	char buf[L], *front=buf, *end=buf;
    	char GetChar() {
    		if (front == end) {
    			end = buf + fread(front = buf, 1, L, stdin);
    			if (front == end) return -1;
    		}
    		return *(front++);
    	}
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    inline void qr(T &x) {
    	char ch = IPT::GetChar(), lst = ' ';
    	while ((ch > '9') || (ch < '0')) lst = ch, ch=IPT::GetChar();
    	while ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (ch ^ 48), ch = IPT::GetChar();
    	if (lst == '-') x = -x;
    }
    
    namespace OPT {
    	char buf[120];
    }
    
    template <typename T>
    inline void qw(T x, const char aft, const bool pt) {
    	if (x < 0) {x = -x, putchar('-');}
    	int top=0;
    	do {OPT::buf[++top] = static_cast<char>(x % 10 + '0');} while (x /= 10);
    	while (top) putchar(OPT::buf[top--]);
    	if (pt) putchar(aft);
    }
    
    const int maxn = 500010;
    const int upceil = 1 <<	22;
    
    int n, vistime;
    int fa[maxn], ans[maxn], MU[maxn], son[maxn], sz[maxn], hash[maxn], frog[upceil], deepth[maxn], dfn[maxn], st[maxn], ed[maxn];
    std::vector<int>sons[maxn];
    std::vector<char>s[maxn];
    
    void DFS(int);
    void dfs(int, bool);
    
    int main() {
    	freopen("1.in", "r", stdin);
    	qr(n);
    	for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
    		qr(fa[i]); int &ch = MU[i]; do ch = IPT::GetChar(); while ((ch > 'v') || (ch < 'a')); ch = 1 << (ch - 'a');
    		sons[fa[i]].push_back(i);
    	}
    	deepth[1] = 1; DFS(1); dfs(1, true);
    	for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) qw(ans[i], ' ', true);
    	putchar('
    ');
    	return 0;
    }
    
    void DFS(int u) {
    	sz[u] = 1; dfn[st[u] = ++vistime] = u;
    	for (auto to : sons[u]) {
    		hash[to] = hash[u] ^ MU[to]; deepth[to] = deepth[u] + 1; DFS(to);
    		if (sz[to] > sz[son[u]]) son[u] = to;
    		sz[u] += sz[to];
    	} ed[u] = vistime;
    }
    
    void dfs(int u, bool rec) {
    	if (!son[u]) {if (rec) frog[hash[u]] = std::max(frog[hash[u]], deepth[u]); return;}
    	for (auto to : sons[u]) {
    		if (to == son[u]) continue;
    		dfs(to, false);
    		ans[u] = std::max(ans[u], ans[to]);
    	}
    	dfs(son[u], true); ans[u] = std::max(ans[u], ans[son[u]]);
    	ans[u] = std::max(ans[u], frog[hash[u]] - deepth[u]);
    	for (int i = 1; i != upceil; i <<= 1) ans[u] = std::max(ans[u], frog[i ^ hash[u]] - deepth[u]);
    	int dep = deepth[u] << 1;
    	frog[hash[u]] = std::max(frog[hash[u]], deepth[u]);
    	for (auto to : sons[u]) {
    		if (to == son[u]) continue;
    		for (int i = st[to]; i <= ed[to]; ++i) {
    			int v = dfn[i], w = hash[v];
    			if (frog[w]) ans[u] = std::max(ans[u], frog[w] + deepth[v] - dep);
    			for (int j = 1; j != upceil; j <<= 1) {
    				if (frog[w ^ j]) ans[u] = std::max(ans[u], frog[w ^ j] + deepth[v] - dep);
    			}
    		}
    		for (int i = st[to]; i <= ed[to]; ++i) {
    			frog[hash[dfn[i]]] = std::max(frog[hash[dfn[i]]], deepth[dfn[i]]);
    		}
    	}
    	if (!rec) for (int i = st[u]; i <= ed[u]; ++i) frog[hash[dfn[i]]] = 0;
    }
    
    
  • 相关阅读:
    HDU2586 How far away?(tarjan的LCA)
    You Raise Me Up
    POJ2891 Strange Way to Express Integers(中国剩余定理)
    POJ2142 The Balance(扩展欧几里得)
    HDU 1166模仿大牛写的线段树
    NetWord Dinic
    HDU 1754 线段树裸题
    hdu1394 Minimum Inversion Number
    hdu2795 Billboard
    【完全版】线段树
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yifusuyi/p/10459649.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看