NSPredicate谓词查询

Cocoa提供了一个类NSPredicate类，该类主要用于指定过滤器的条件，该对象可以准确的描述所需条件，对每个对象通过谓词进行筛选，判断是否与条件相匹配。谓词表示计算真值或假值的函数。
    NSPredicate *predicate;
    predicate=[NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"name=='Herbie'"];//用predicateWithFormat创建一个谓词，name作为键路径
   BOOL match=[predicateevaluateWithObject:car];//car作为接收对象,evaluateWithObject返回一个bool值。
    NSLog(@"%s",(match)?"YES":"NO");

  predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"engine.horsepower > 150"];
    NSArray *cars = [garage cars];
    for (Car *car in [garage cars]) {
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject: car]) {
            NSLog (@"%@", car.name);
        }
    }
遍历cars判断是否是真，然后输出。
  predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"engine.horsepower > 150"];
    NSArray *results;
    results = [carsfilteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];//它将循环过滤数组内容，根据谓词计算每个对象的值，并将值为YES的对象累计到将被返回的新数组中。
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
filteredArrayUsingPredicate这个方法可以得到我们所需要的值。加上
   NSArray *names;
    names=[results valueForKey:@"name"];
    NSLog (@"%@", names);
就和上面的值一样。
    NSMutableArray *carsCopy = [carsmutableCopy];
    [carsCopyfilterUsingPredicate: predicate];//filterUsingPredicate和NSMutableArray构成新数组。
    NSLog (@"%@", carsCopy);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"engine.horsepower > %d", 50];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    
    NSPredicate *predicateTemplate;
    NSDictionary *varDict;
    predicateTemplate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > $POWER"];//创建一个键/值字典来存储，这里$符号用于变量
    varDict = [NSDictionarydictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
               [NSNumbernumberWithInt: 150],@"POWER", nil];//@后面参数名
    predicate = [predicateTemplatepredicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);

  predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:
                @"(engine.horsepower > 50) AND (engine.horsepower < 200)"];//可以运用运算符
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"oop %@", results);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:
                @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN { 50, 200 }"];//这里可以运用between关键字。和上面效果一样
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    
    NSArray *betweens = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         [NSNumbernumberWithInt: 50], [NSNumbernumberWithInt: 200],nil];
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN %@", betweens];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    
    predicateTemplate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"engine.horsepower BETWEEN $POWERS"];
    varDict = [NSDictionarydictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: betweens, @"POWERS", nil];
    predicate = [predicateTemplatepredicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];//用变量
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"name < 'Newton'"];//不等号不仅可以用于数字，也可以用于字符串值。
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];//包含在其中用IN
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"SELF.name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];//self关键字
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
    
    names = [cars valueForKey: @"name"];
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"SELF IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];//self关键字
    results = [namesfilteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"name BEGINSWITH 'Bad'"];//字符串运算符BEGINSWITH,ENDSWITH,CONTAINS[c][d][cd]
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
BEGINSWITH：检查某个字符串是否以另一个字符串开头。
ENDSWITH：检查某个字符串是否以另一个字符串结尾。
CONTAINS：检查某个字符串是否以另一个字符串内部。
[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写，又不区分发音符号。
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"];//*代表通配符Like还接受[cd].
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    
    predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"];//?只匹配一个字符并且还可以接受[cd].
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
还可以使用MATCHES运算符。赋给该运算符一个正则表达式。