Nginx Rewrite相关功能-域名永久与临时重定向实战篇

　　　　　　　　　　Nginx Rewrite相关功能-域名永久与临时重定向实战篇

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

一.试验前的准备环境

1>.虚拟机配置

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        309M        6.9G        8.8M        412M        7.1G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# hostname -i
172.30.1.101
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep 172.30.1.101 /etc/hosts
172.30.1.101 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn node101.yinzhengjie.com
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.nginx的主配置文件配置

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  4;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000; 
 
events {
   worker_connections  100000;
   use epoll;
   accept_mutex on;
   multi_accept on; 
}
   
   http {
     include       mime.types;
       
     default_type  text/html;
    
     server_tokens off; 
      
     charset utf-8;
   
     log_format my_access_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",' '"host":"$server_addr",' '"clientip":"$remote_addr",' '"size":$body_bytes_sent,' '"re
sponsetime":$request_time,' '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",' '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",' '"http_host":"$host",' '"uri":"$uri",' '"domain":"$host",' '"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",' '"referer":"$http_referer",' '"tcp_xff":"$proxy_protocol_addr",' '"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",' '"status":"$status"}';   
    access_log logs/access_json.log my_access_json;
 
    ssl_certificate /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/certs/www.yinzhengjie.org.cn.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/certs/www.yinzhengjie.org.cn.key;
    ssl_session_cache shared:sslcache:20m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
  
    include /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.子配置文件配置

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 278 Dec 24 11:10 node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;
   
    location / {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static;
       index index.html;
    }

    location = /favicon.ico {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 278 Dec 24 11:10 node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_com.conf 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_com.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.com;
   
    location / {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
       index index.html;
    }

    location = /favicon.ico {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

4>.准备测试数据

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx’
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static’
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn<h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/index.html
<h1>node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn<h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images’
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd’
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# wget https://www.jd.com/favicon.ico -O /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd/favicon.ico
--2019-12-24 11:22:34--  https://www.jd.com/favicon.ico
Resolving www.jd.com (www.jd.com)... 220.194.105.131, 2408:8710:20:1140:8000::3
Connecting to www.jd.com (www.jd.com)|220.194.105.131|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 25214 (25K) [image/x-icon]
Saving to: ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd/favicon.ico’

100%[===========================================================================================================>] 25,214      --.-K/s   in 0.002s  

2019-12-24 11:22:34 (12.3 MB/s) - ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd/favicon.ico’ saved [25214/25214]

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd/
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25214 Mar 25  2016 favicon.ico
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html’
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1>node101.yinzhengjie.com<h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
<h1>node101.yinzhengjie.com<h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/ -R
/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 Dec 24 11:20 html
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16 Dec 24 11:21 images
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 Dec 24 11:14 static

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Dec 24 11:20 index.html

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 25 Dec 24 11:22 jd

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd:
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25214 Mar 25  2016 favicon.ico

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35 Dec 24 11:14 index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

5>.启动nginx服务

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                             Local Address:Port                                            Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                            *:22                                                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                           :::22                                                        :::*                  
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                             Local Address:Port                                            Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                            *:80                                                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                            *:22                                                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                            *:443                                                        *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                           :::22                                                        :::*                  
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# netstat -untalp | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23179/nginx: master 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23179/nginx: master 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root     23179     1  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx    23180 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23181 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23182 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23183 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

6>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/",如下图所示。

6>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.com/",如下图所示。

二.配置临时重定向

1>.实验说明

　　因业务需求，现将node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn的请求临时重定向到node101.yinzhengjie.org.com。

2>.编辑子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;
   
    location / {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static;
       index index.html;
       rewrite / http:/node101.yinzhengjie.com permanent;
    }

    location = /favicon.ico {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.重新加载nginx的配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root     23179     1  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx    23180 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23181 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23182 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23183 23179  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root     23179     1  0 11:35 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx    23293 23179  0 11:39 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23294 23179  0 11:39 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23295 23179  1 11:39 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx    23296 23179  1 11:39 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

4>.浏览器访问"node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn",发现浏览器自动跳转了，如下图所示。

5>.浏览器再一次访问"node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn",发现浏览器自动跳转了，如下图所示,并没有使用本地缓存。

三.配置永久重定向

1>.试验说明

　　因业务需求，现将node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn的请求永久重定向到node101.yinzhengjie.org.com。

2>.编辑子配置文件并重新加载配置

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;
   
    location / {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static;
       index index.html;
       if ( $scheme = http ){
           #rewrite / http://node101.yinzhengjie.com redirect;
           rewrite / http://node101.yinzhengjie.com permanent;
       }
    }

    location = /favicon.ico {
       root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.浏览器访问"node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn",发现浏览器自动跳转了，如下图所示。

4>.浏览器再一次访问"node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn",发现浏览器自动跳转了，如下图所示，竟然使用了本地缓存。

四.临时重定向和永久重定向的区别

相同点:
　　都可以使重定向到指定的URL。

不同点:
　　临时重定向不会缓存域名解析记录(A记录)，但是永久重定向会缓存数据到本地。