Ubuntu 18.04 安装Docker实战案例
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.通过ubantu安装docker
1>.查看操作平台
2>.安装必要的一些系统工具
root@docker101:~# apt-get update Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease Hit:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease Hit:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done root@docker101:~#
root@docker101:~# apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done ca-certificates is already the newest version (20180409). ca-certificates set to manually installed. curl is already the newest version (7.58.0-2ubuntu3.8). curl set to manually installed. The following additional packages will be installed: python3-software-properties The following NEW packages will be installed: apt-transport-https The following packages will be upgraded: python3-software-properties software-properties-common 2 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded. Need to get 35.3 kB of archives. After this operation, 153 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 apt-transport-https all 1.6.12 [1,692 B] Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 software-properties-common all 0.96.24.32.12 [10.0 kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 python3-software-properties all 0.96.24.32.12 [23.6 kB] Fetched 35.3 kB in 0s (126 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package apt-transport-https. (Reading database ... 66944 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../apt-transport-https_1.6.12_all.deb ... Unpacking apt-transport-https (1.6.12) ... Preparing to unpack .../software-properties-common_0.96.24.32.12_all.deb ... Unpacking software-properties-common (0.96.24.32.12) over (0.96.24.32.9) ... Preparing to unpack .../python3-software-properties_0.96.24.32.12_all.deb ... Unpacking python3-software-properties (0.96.24.32.12) over (0.96.24.32.9) ... Setting up apt-transport-https (1.6.12) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up python3-software-properties (0.96.24.32.12) ... Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1) ... Setting up software-properties-common (0.96.24.32.12) ... root@docker101:~#
3>.安装GPG证书
root@docker101:~# curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - OK root@docker101:~#
4>.写入软件源信息
root@docker101:~# add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease Get:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease [64.4 kB] Hit:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease Hit:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Get:7 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages [9,852 B] Fetched 74.3 kB in 1s (103 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done root@docker101:~#
5>.更新并安装Docker-CE
root@docker101:~# apt-get -y update Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease Hit:3 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease Hit:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-proposed InRelease Hit:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Reading package lists... Done root@docker101:~#
root@docker101:~# apt-get -y install docker-ce Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce-cli libltdl7 pigz The following NEW packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli libltdl7 pigz 0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded. Need to get 85.5 MB of archives. After this operation, 384 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB] Get:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.10-3 [20.0 MB] Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B] Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libltdl7 amd64 2.4.6-2 [38.8 kB] Get:6 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [42.5 MB] Get:7 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [22.8 MB] Fetched 85.5 MB in 8s (11.0 MB/s) Selecting previously unselected package pigz. (Reading database ... 66948 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-pigz_2.4-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking pigz (2.4-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package aufs-tools. Preparing to unpack .../1-aufs-tools_1%3a4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking aufs-tools (1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1) ... Selecting previously unselected package cgroupfs-mount. Preparing to unpack .../2-cgroupfs-mount_1.4_all.deb ... Unpacking cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package containerd.io. Preparing to unpack .../3-containerd.io_1.2.10-3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking containerd.io (1.2.10-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce-cli. Preparing to unpack .../4-docker-ce-cli_5%3a19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-ce-cli (5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic) ... Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce. Preparing to unpack .../5-docker-ce_5%3a19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic_amd64.deb ... Unpacking docker-ce (5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic) ... Selecting previously unselected package libltdl7:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../6-libltdl7_2.4.6-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-2) ... Setting up aufs-tools (1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1) ... Setting up containerd.io (1.2.10-3) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service. Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-21) ... Setting up cgroupfs-mount (1.4) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.29) ... Setting up libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up docker-ce-cli (5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic) ... Setting up pigz (2.4-1) ... Setting up docker-ce (5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/docker.socket → /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket. Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-21) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.29) ... root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~#
root@docker101:~# systemctl status docker #安装成功后默认docker是启动的 ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-01-12 08:03:46 UTC; 2min 2s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 5634 (dockerd) Tasks: 10 CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service └─5634 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.061865687Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support swap memory limit" Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.061970486Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt period" Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.062000817Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime" Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.062480825Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.340909890Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a preferred IP address" Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.578008607Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.670981992Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=633a0ea838 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=19.03.5 Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.671108044Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Jan 12 08:03:46 docker101.yinzhengjie.org.cn dockerd[5634]: time="2020-01-12T08:03:46.756901996Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock" root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# systemctl enable docker #咱们可以将docker设置为开启自启动 Synchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker root@docker101:~#
6>.查看docker的版本
root@docker101:~# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.5 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.12 Git commit: 633a0ea838 Built: Wed Nov 13 07:29:52 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.5 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.12 Git commit: 633a0ea838 Built: Wed Nov 13 07:28:22 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.10 GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683 root@docker101:~#
二.docker镜像加速配置
1>.获取加速器(https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors)
2>.生成配置文件并重启docker服务
root@docker101:~# sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker root@docker101:~# sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' > { > "registry-mirrors": ["https://tuv7rqqq.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] > } > EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://tuv7rqqq.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } root@docker101:~# sudo systemctl daemon-reload root@docker101:~# sudo systemctl restart docker root@docker101:~#
三.下载docker镜像
1>.下载一个centos镜像
root@docker101:~# docker image ls #查看当前的docker镜像为空 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# docker pull centos #从官方下载一个docker镜像，本次我们下载的是官方提供的centos镜像。 Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos 729ec3a6ada3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f94c1d992c193b3dc09e297ffd54d8a4f1dc946c37cbeceb26d35ce1647f88d9 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 0f3e07c0138f 3 months ago 220MB root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~#
2>.基于刚刚下载的docker镜像启动一个容器
root@docker101:~# docker ps #查看当前容器情况 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# docker run -d -it centos #在后端基于centos镜像运行一个可交互的容器 968e7ecc39f277a3d3f98b658f8f496de622edccfa4ef45d8ec64c46f5012d4c root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# docker ps #再次查看当前运行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 968e7ecc39f2 centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds keen_meitner root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~#
3>.查看已经创建的容器所在的默认路径
root@docker101:~# ll /var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/ #注意,这个“moby”就是docker项目名称。 total 12 drwx--x--x 3 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:24 ./ drwx--x--x 3 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:24 ../ drwx--x--x 2 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:24 968e7ecc39f277a3d3f98b658f8f496de622edccfa4ef45d8ec64c46f5012d4c/ #这个数字就是上面我们创建的容器编号。 root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# ll /var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/moby/968e7ecc39f277a3d3f98b658f8f496de622edccfa4ef45d8ec64c46f5012d4c/ total 8 drwx--x--x 2 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:24 ./ drwx--x--x 3 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:24 ../ prwx------ 1 root root 0 Jan 12 08:24 shim.stderr.log| prwx------ 1 root root 0 Jan 12 08:24 shim.stdout.log| root@docker101:~# root@docker101:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 968e7ecc39f2 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute keen_meitner root@docker101:~# [root@968e7ecc39f2 /]# ls -l total 48 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Jan 12 08:24 dev drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 12 08:24 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 home lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 27 17:13 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 opt dr-xr-xr-x 184 root root 0 Jan 12 08:24 proc dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Sep 27 17:13 root drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 27 17:13 run lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 May 11 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jan 12 08:24 sys drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Sep 27 17:13 tmp drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 27 17:13 usr drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Sep 27 17:13 var [root@968e7ecc39f2 /]# [root@968e7ecc39f2 /]#