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  • SHELL脚本编程循环篇-while循环

                  SHELL脚本编程循环篇-while循环

                                              作者:尹正杰

    版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

    一.while循环的语法格式

    while CONDITION; do
      循环体
    done
    
    
    以上参数关键点说明:
      CONDITION:
        循环控制条件,进入循环之前,先做一次判断;每一次循环之后会再次做判断;条件为“true”,则执行一次循环;直到条件测试状态为“false”终止循环。因此,CONDTION一般应该有循环控制变量;而此变量的值会在循环体不断地被修正
      进入条件:
        CONDITION为true
      退出条件:
        CONDITION为false
    
    其实也可以写成一行:
      [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# i=1;while [ $i -le 100 ];do let sum+=i;let i++;done;echo sum=$sum
      sum=5050
      [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

    二.循环控制语句continue

    while CONDTIITON1; do
      CMD1
      ...
      if CONDITION2; then
        continue
      fi
      CMDn
      ...
    done
    
    
    使用场景:
      用于循环体中,continue [N]:提前结束第N层的本轮循环,而直接进入下一轮判断;最内层为第1层
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/continue.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/continue.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    flag=true
    
    i=0
    
    while [ $i -lt 10 ];do
        let i++
        #如果"$i"的值为7,则跳过本次循环进行下一次循环
        if [ $i -eq 7 ];then 
            continue
        fi
        echo $i
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/continue.sh
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    8
    9
    10
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    案例展示
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/continue.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/continue.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    flag=true
    
    i=0
    
    while [ $i -lt 3 ];do
        let i++
        for((j=1;j<=10;j++));do
            if [ $j -eq 7 ];then 
                #退出到本层循环的上一轮循环
                continue 2
            fi
            echo j=$j
        done
        echo i=$i
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/continue.sh 
    j=1
    j=2
    j=3
    j=4
    j=5
    j=6
    j=1
    j=2
    j=3
    j=4
    j=5
    j=6
    j=1
    j=2
    j=3
    j=4
    j=5
    j=6
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    案例展示2

    三.循环控制语句break

    while CONDTIITON1; do
      CMD1
      ...
      if CONDITION2; then
        break
      fi
      CMDn
      ...
    done
    
    使用场景:   用于循环体中,break [N]:提前结束第N层循环,最内层为第1层
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/break.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/continue.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    flag=true
    
    i=0
    
    while [ $i -lt 10 ];do
        let i++
        #如果"$i"的值为7,则直接跳出循环
        if [ $i -eq 7 ];then 
            break
        fi
        echo $i
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/break.sh 
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    案例展示1
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/break.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/continue.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    flag=true
    
    i=0
    
    while [ $i -lt 3 ];do
        let i++
        for((j=1;j<=10;j++));do
            if [ $j -eq 7 ];then 
                #退出本层循环的上一层循环
                break 2
            fi
            echo j=$j
        done
        echo i=$i
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/break.sh 
    j=1
    j=2
    j=3
    j=4
    j=5
    j=6
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    案例展示2

    四.循环控制shift命令

    shift [n]:
      用于将参量列表 list 左移指定次数,缺省为左移一次。   参量列表 list 一旦被移动,最左端的那个参数就从列表中删除。
    while 循环遍历位置参量列表时,常用到 shift
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/useradd.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/useradd.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    echo 1st arg is $1
    echo 2st arg is $2
    echo all args are $*
    shift
    
    echo shift
    echo 1st arg is $1
    echo 2st arg is $2
    echo all args are $*
    shift
    
    echo shift
    echo 1st arg is $1
    echo 2st arg is $2
    echo all args are $*
    
    
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/useradd.sh a b c d e f g
    1st arg is a
    2st arg is b
    all args are a b c d e f g
    shift
    1st arg is b
    2st arg is c
    all args are b c d e f g
    shift
    1st arg is c
    2st arg is d
    all args are c d e f g
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    案例展示1
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/useradd.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/useradd.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    while true;do
        [ -z "$1" ] && break
        useradd $1 && echo "$1 is created."
        shift
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/useradd.sh a b c d e
    a is created.
    b is created.
    c is created.
    d is created.
    e is created.
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwd
    a:x:1044:1044::/home/a:/bin/bash
    b:x:1045:1045::/home/b:/bin/bash
    c:x:1046:1046::/home/c:/bin/bash
    d:x:1047:1047::/home/d:/bin/bash
    e:x:1048:1048::/home/e:/bin/bash
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例2
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim shell/doit.sh
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/doit.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/useradd.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    while [ $# -gt 0 ] # 也可以写出C语言风格:(( $# > 0 ))
    do
       echo $*
       shift
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/doit.sh {a..z}
    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    o p q r s t u v w x y z
    p q r s t u v w x y z
    q r s t u v w x y z
    r s t u v w x y z
    s t u v w x y z
    t u v w x y z
    u v w x y z
    v w x y z
    w x y z
    x y z
    y z
    z
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例3

    五.while循环的特殊用法(遍历文件的每一行)

    while read line; do
        循环体
    done < /PATH/FROM/SOMEFILE
    
    以上语法作用说明:   依次读取
    /PATH/FROM/SOMEFILE文件中的每一行,且将行赋值给变量line
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# while read line;do echo $line;done < /etc/fstab 
    
    #
    # /etc/fstab
    # Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 8 16:22:49 2019
    #
    # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
    # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
    #
    /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
    UUID=343e9f9c-8324-4918-a10d-541627af8e04 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
    /dev/mapper/centos-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
    /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例1
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/whileread.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/whileread.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    while read line;do
       uid=`echo $line |cut -d : -f 3`
       username=`echo $line |cut -d : -f 1`
       if [ $uid -ge 1000 ];then
           echo $username:$uid
       fi
    done < /etc/passwd
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/whileread.sh
    mysql:1000
    yinzhengjie:1001
    jason:1002
    jason1:1003
    jason2:1004
    jason3:1005
    jason4:1006
    jason5:1007
    jason6:1008
    jason7:1009
    jason8:1010
    jason9:1011
    jason10:1012
    jason11:1013
    jason12:1014
    jason13:1015
    jason14:1016
    jason15:1017
    jason16:1018
    jason17:1019
    jason18:1020
    jason19:1021
    jason20:1022
    jason21:1023
    jason22:1024
    jason23:1025
    jason24:1026
    jason25:1027
    jason26:1028
    jason27:1029
    jason28:1030
    jason29:1031
    jason30:1032
    yinzhengjie1:1033
    yinzhengjie2:1034
    yinzhengjie3:1035
    yinzhengjie4:1036
    yinzhengjie5:1037
    yinzhengjie6:1038
    yinzhengjie7:1039
    yinzhengjie8:1040
    yinzhengjie9:1041
    yinzhengjie10:1042
    cracker:1043
    a:1044
    b:1045
    c:1046
    d:1047
    e:1048
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例2
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/check_disk.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/check_disk.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    warning=10
    
    df | while read diskspace;do
        space=`echo $diskspace | sed -nr '/^/dev/sd/s#.* (.+)%.*#1#p'`
        disk=`echo $diskspace | sed -nr '/^/dev/sd/s#([^ ]+).*#1#p'`
        if [[ $space =~ ^[0-9+$] ]];then
            if [ $space -gt $warning ];then
            echo $disk:$space
        fi
        fi
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/check_disk.sh
    /dev/sda1:15
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例3(磁盘使用空间监控脚本)
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/ddos.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/ddos.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    netstat -nta | sed -nr '/^tcp /s/.*  ([1-9].*):.*/1/p' | sort| uniq -c | while read iplist;do
        linknum=`echo $iplist | cut -d " " -f 1`
        ip=`echo $iplist | cut -d " " -f 2`
        if [ $linknum -ge 2 ];then
            echo $ip >> /root/cracker_ip.log
        fi
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/ddos.sh
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat cracker_ip.log 
    172.30.1.254
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
    参考案例4(防止DDOS共计的方法)

    六.请用while循环实现以下小练习

    1>.计算1到100之间的和

    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/sum.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/sum.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    sum=0
    read -t 30 -p "Please enter the start number>>> " StartNumber
    read -t 30 -p "Please enter an end number>>> " EndNumber
    
    while [ $StartNumber -le $EndNumber ]
        do
            sum=$(( $sum + $StartNumber ))
            StartNumber=$(( $StartNumber + 1 ))
    done
    
    StartNumber=$(( $StartNumber - $EndNumber ))
    
    echo "从$StartNumber加到$EndNumber的总和是:$sum"
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/sum.sh 
    Please enter the start number>>> 1
    Please enter an end number>>> 100
    从1加到100的总和是:5050
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

    2>.若有人使用"yinzhengjie"用户登录则立即踢出它并将其IP拉入黑名单,以防止该用户继续使用该IP地址进行登录。

    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/scan_cracker.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/scan_cracker.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    while true;do
        #获取使用"yinzhengjie"用户登录的IP地址
        iplist=`who | sed -nr '/^yinzhengjie/s/.*((.*))/1/p'`
        #判断当前使用有人使用"yinzhengjie"用户登录
        if [ "$iplist" ];then
            #若使用"yinzhengjie"用户登录成功就直接剔除掉该用户
            pkill -9 -U yinzhengjie
            echo "cracker is killed"
        #将刚刚使用"yinzhengjie"用户的IP地址加入黑名单,以防止该用户再次登录。
            echo sshd:$iplist >> /etc/hosts.deny
        fi
        sleep 10
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# bash shell/scan_cracker.sh        #运行该脚本后使用"yinzhengjie"用户登录测试,观察相关的配置文件及输出信息。
    cracker is killed
    ^C
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/hosts.deny 
    #
    # hosts.deny    This file contains access rules which are used to
    #        deny connections to network services that either use
    #        the tcp_wrappers library or that have been
    #        started through a tcp_wrappers-enabled xinetd.
    #
    #        The rules in this file can also be set up in
    #        /etc/hosts.allow with a 'deny' option instead.
    #
    #        See 'man 5 hosts_options' and 'man 5 hosts_access'
    #        for information on rule syntax.
    #        See 'man tcpd' for information on tcp_wrappers
    #
    sshd:172.30.1.254
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例

    3>.编写脚本,求100以内所有正奇数之和

    4>.编写脚本,提示请输入网络地址,如192.168.0.0,判断输入的网段中主机在线状态,并统计在线和离线主机各多少


    5>.编写脚本,打印九九乘法表


    6>.编写脚本,利用变量RANDOM生成10个随机数字,输出这个10数字,并显示其中的最大值和最小值


    7>.编写脚本,实现打印国际象棋棋盘


    8>.后续六个字符串:efbaf275cd、4be9c40b8b、44b2395c46、f8c8873ce0、b902c16c8b、ad865d2f63是通过对随机数变量RANDOM随机执行命令: echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut –c1-10 后的结果,请破解这些字符串对应的RANDOM值

    9>.编写脚本,将最近登录失败的IP统计出来并保存在配置文件中

    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat shell/check_lastb.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #********************************************************************
    #Author:        yinzhengjie
    #QQ:             1053419035
    #Date:             2019-11-25
    #FileName:        shell/check_lastb.sh
    #URL:             http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
    #Description:        The test script
    #Copyright notice:     original works, no reprint! Otherwise, legal liability will be investigated.
    #********************************************************************
    
    localnet="172.30.1"  
    sleeptime=10
    
    while true;do
        #使用"lastb"命令来查看最近登录服务器失败的信息,并将非"$localnet"网段的IP过滤出来。
        iplist=`lastb | grep -Eo "(([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]).){3}([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])"|grep -v "$
    localnet" |sort -u`    #此处不要对"$iplist"加引号,因为加了引号后会把所有的IP地址当作一个整体来使用了,我们需要的是没有IP单独一行
        for ip in $iplist;do
            #判断当前ip是否已经写入文件,若没有则写入,若能找到就短路或了.
            grep "$ip" /root/crack_iplist.log &> /dev/null || echo "$ip" >> /root/crack_iplist.log
        done
        sleep $sleeptime
    done
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
    参考案例

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/9158207.html
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