docker 常用操作

docker 操作

docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.2, build 2291f61

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)

Server:
 Containers: 5
  Running: 1
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 4
 Images: 3
 Server Version: 20.10.2
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
 runc version: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.953GiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: LJBA:GLRT:HWNT:67PT:RKZX:OMMI:BUHA:S34N:DB3I:UFMC:L7DR:GVPU
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:    # 镜像加速
  http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

image

container基础

验证container 的start、stop、run、ls 、ls -a

# 当前有三个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
star7th/showdoc   latest    621a7b64fc9d   20 hours ago   669MB
busybox           latest    a77dce18d0ec   9 days ago     1.24MB
nginx             latest    ae2feff98a0c   3 weeks ago    133MB

# 一个容器都没有启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

# 启动一个容器，这个说法并不对，启动容器之前应该先创建一个容器，但创建就是创建，并不会启动
[root@localhost ~]# docker container create nginx
1cdb6125ed01fb2f5a798452809ad2c1bea0a378bb887cf79919e44d1f58916c

#查看容器，一个容器当前状态是 created
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
ed01  nginx   "/docker-entrypoint.…"     状态 Created  competent_buck 

# 启动容器，启动容器时的名字要用names
[root@localhost ~]# docker container start nginx
Error response from daemon: No such container: nginx
Error: failed to start containers: nginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker container start  competent_buck
competent_buck


# ls只会识别到已经启动的，ls -a 会识别到所有的，包括没有启动的；
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS            
5ed01   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4  Up    80/tcp    competent_buck

# 通过docker container run 等于create+start

[root@localhost ~]# docker container stop competent_buck
competent_buck

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run nginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1d3446faa119   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   31 seconds ago   Up 31 seconds   80/tcp    dazzling_joliot

# 验证容器stop、pause、物理机重启、kill、之后，内部的资料是否还存在

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1d3446faa119   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   57 minutes ago   Up 57 minutes   80/tcp    dazzling_joliot

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it dazzling_joliot /bin/bash
root@1d3446faa119:/# touch 8888888888
root@1d3446faa119:/# echo 888888 > 8888888888 
root@1d3446faa119:/# exit
exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS     NAMES
1d3446faa119   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour  
80/tcp    dazzling_joliot

[root@localhost ~]# docker container stop dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container start dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container start dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot

#经过验证stop然后start之后依然存在
[root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it dazzling_joliot /bin/bash
root@1d3446faa119:/# ls
8888888888 

# 经过验证pause和unpause之后依然存在
[root@localhost ~]# docker container pause dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS     NAMES
1d3446faa119   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Up 5 minutes (Paused)   80/tcp    dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container unpause dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it dazzling_joliot /bin/bash
root@1d3446faa119:/# ls
8888888888

# 经过验证，kill之后，通过start启动之后，依然存在
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1d3446faa119   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Up 7 minutes   80/tcp    dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container kill dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a | grep dazzling_joliot
1d3446faa119   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago        Exited (137) 22 seconds ago                     dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container start dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it dazzling_joliot /bin/bash
root@1d3446faa119:/# ls
8888888888

# 验证docker容器的删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1d3446faa119   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Up 2 minutes   80/tcp    dazzling_joliot

# 容器在启动状态下无法删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm dazzling_joliot
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 1d3446faa11959c0dd73b0e1d5ee91e46e4678668b5261baf7e3a9a47a1710af. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

[root@localhost ~]# docker container stop dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm dazzling_joliot
dazzling_joliot
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a | grep dazzling_joliot   # 没有了

# 那删除容器之后，再通过镜像启动一个容器，那之前修改的东西还吗？不在了，因为镜像是只读的，下面就来验证一下；

# 删除之后再启动同样的镜像，数据就会没有了，如下所示：
[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -d nginx
16b3893fa42895ac7e977e601d88a1b1d8f7cf0cf12b4e8d18fcc63758e60e80

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -d nginx
16b3893fa42895ac7e977e601d88a1b1d8f7cf0cf12b4e8d18fcc63758e60e80
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
16b3893fa428   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   31 seconds ago   Up 30 seconds   80/tcp    laughing_dhawan
[root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it laughing_dhawan /bin/bash
root@16b3893fa428:/# ls

# 删除操作，删除所有的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND                  CREATED                  STATUS                                PORTS     NAMES
dbec26507405   star7th/showdoc   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   Less than a second ago   Exited (137) Less than a second ago             heuristic_buck
16b3893fa428   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 minutes ago            Exited (0) 39 seconds ago                       laughing_dhawan
1cdb6125ed01   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago              Exited (0) About an hour ago                    competent_buck
22bda9eb539c   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago              Exited (0) 2 hours ago                          sleepy_greider
6ebc79a349b4   busybox:latest    "sh"                     15 hours ago             Exited (0) 15 hours ago                         b1


[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND                  CREATED                  STATUS                                PORTS     NAMES
dbec26507405   star7th/showdoc   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   Less than a second ago   Exited (137) Less than a second ago             heuristic_buck
16b3893fa428   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 minutes ago            Exited (0) 39 seconds ago                       laughing_dhawan
1cdb6125ed01   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago              Exited (0) About an hour ago                    competent_buck
22bda9eb539c   nginx             "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago              Exited (0) 2 hours ago                          sleepy_greider
6ebc79a349b4   busybox:latest    "sh"                     15 hours ago             Exited (0) 15 hours ago                         b1
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm heuristic_buck
heuristic_buck
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm laughing_dhawan
laughing_dhawan
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm competent_buck
competent_buck
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm sleepy_greider
sleepy_greider
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm b1
b1
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES