zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 一文搞懂GitLab安装部署及服务配置

    GitLab安装部署

    Git,GitHub,GitLab,这三个东东长得好像呀,都是个啥?

    Git是Linus Torvalds(如果不知道这位大神是谁,请出门左转,慢走不送~)为了帮助管理Linux内核而开发的一个开放源代码的版本控制软件。

    GitHub,又名全球最大同行交友软件(O(∩_∩)O哈哈~),是一个面向开源及私有项目的托管平台,因为仅仅支持Git作为唯一的版本库格式,故名GitHub。

    GitLab是由GitLabInc.开发的,是基于MIT许可证的Git仓库管理工具,具有Wiki和Issue跟踪功能,目前有企业版和社区版两个分支,对于个人来说,社区版应该是完全够用的。

    其实,简单来说,可以把GitLab看做是个个人版的GitHub,也就是说,可以在自己服务器上部署一套GitLab服务,该服务可以提供代码仓库托管等功能,用法与GibHub基本一致。

    GitLab安装

    # 安装并配置必要的依赖
    [root@cos ~]# yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server
    [root@cos ~]# systemctl enable sshd
    [root@cos ~]# systemctl start sshd
    # CentOS7系统中,在防火墙打开场景下,打开HTTP, HTTPS和SSH访问
    [root@cos ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
    [root@cos ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
    [root@cos ~]# systemctl reload firewalld
    
    # 安装Postfix,用来发送通知邮件
    [root@cos ~]# yum install postfix
    [root@cos ~]# systemctl enable postfix
    [root@cos ~]# systemctl start postfix
    

    注意:为了避免下载失败导致GitLab安装失败,可以配置清华镜像,镜像配置操作如下

    # GitLab Community Edition镜像使用帮助
    # https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/gitlab-ce/
    # 1. 新建/etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo, 内容如下
    [gitlab-ce]
    name=Gitlab CE Repository
    baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el$releasever/
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1
    

    使用yum安装GitLab社区版

    # yum安装GitLab社区版
    [root@cos ~]# yum makecache
    [root@cos ~]# yum install gitlab-ce
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
     * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
     * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
     * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =========================================================================================
     Package        Arch        Version            Repository        Size
    =========================================================================================
    Installing:
     gitlab-ce      x86_64      12.9.1-ce.0.el7    gitlab-ce         721 M
    
    Transaction Summary
    =========================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total download size: 721 M
    Installed size: 721 M
    Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
    Downloading packages:
    gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                    | 721 MB  00:01:49     
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Installing : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64                                                            1/1 
    It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
    
           *.                  *.
          ***                 ***
         *****               *****
        .******             *******
        ********            ********
       ,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
      ,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
      .,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
          ,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
             ,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
                .,,,***,,,,
                    ,*,.
      
    
    
         _______ __  __          __
        / ____(_) /_/ /   ____ _/ /_
       / / __/ / __/ /   / __ `/ __ 
      / /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
      \____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
      
    
    Thank you for installing GitLab!
    
    GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
    Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
    configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
    Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
      sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
    For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
    https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
    GitLab now ships with a newer version of PostgreSQL (11.7), but it is not yet
    enabled by default. To upgrade, please see:
    https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#upgrade-packaged-postgresql-server
    
    Verifying  : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64                                                            1/1 
    
    Installed:
      gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7                                                                           
    
    Complete!
    

    安装完成后,重点关注下面提示信息:

    GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
    GitLab无法为你的GitLab检测到有效的主机名。
    
    Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
    configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
    请通过配置`external_url`为你的GitLab实例配置一个URL,该配置项在/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件中。
    
    Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
      sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
    然后,通过运行sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure启动你的GitLab实例
    

    注意:配置完成后,需要使用sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure命令重新配置并启动GitLab实例才行。

    在GitLab安装完成后,首次登录时,需要配置GitLab管理员密码,如下图所示。

    注意:管理员账号为root,管理员密码非常重要,是维护GitLab服务的重要账户,尽量不要搞忘了。

    GitLab配置及内存优化

    根据上面的安装步骤安装完成后后,启动GitLab实例后,你可能会想,这下可以愉快的与GitLab玩耍了吧、

    砰,一大盆凉水浇过来、

    GitLab是非常吃内存和服务器性能的,为了在自己主机或者虚拟机上正常启动和访问,需要进行下面配置和调优。

    先看下官方给出的推荐CPU,内存配置:

    GitLab推荐至少2核CPU,只有1核的话,可能会导致GitLab服务卡死,无法正常对外服务。

    由上可知,内存配置主要影响GitLab服务的并发用户数量,对于自己使用来说,感觉2GB完全够用了。

    GitLab配置文件路径:/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb。下面对GitLab关键配置进行修改:

    ## GitLab URL
    ##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
    ##! 用户访问GitLab的URL地址
    external_url 'http://cos'
    
    ###! Minimum worker_processes is 2 at this moment
    ###! GitLab默认开启进程数为CPU核数+1,可以提高服务器的相应时间,太吃内存
    ###! GitLab的最小工作进程,该参数最小值为2,设为1可能导致服务器卡死
    unicorn['worker_processes'] = 2
    
    ### **Only change these settings if you understand well what they mean**
    ###! 工程进程的内存限制,默认最小为400MB,最大为650MB
    unicorn['worker_memory_limit_min'] = "200 * 1 << 20"
    unicorn['worker_memory_limit_max'] = "300 * 1 << 20"
    
    # sidekiq并发数默认值为25
    sidekiq['concurrency'] = 5
    
    ###! Changing any of these settings requires a restart of postgresql.
    ###! By default, reconfigure reloads postgresql if it is running. If you
    ###! change any of these settings, be sure to run `gitlab-ctl restart postgresql`
    ###! after reconfigure in order for the changes to take effect.
    ##! **recommend value is 1/4 of total RAM, up to 14GB.**
    ##! 数据库缓存,默认值为256MB
    ##!推荐值为1/4的RAM大小,按推荐值肯定崩了
    postgresql['shared_buffers'] = "128MB"
    ##! 数据库并发数
    postgresql['max_worker_processes'] = 4
    

    GitLab启动

    GitLab安装配置完成后,我们可以通过gitlab-ctl start命令启动,gitlab-ctl stop命令停止GitLab服务。

    # 查看GitLab服务状态
    [root@cos ~]# gitlab-ctl status
    run: gitaly: (pid 2202) 830s; run: log: (pid 2201) 830s
    run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 2212) 830s; run: log: (pid 2211) 830s
    run: logrotate: (pid 2217) 830s; run: log: (pid 2214) 830s
    run: nginx: (pid 2198) 830s; run: log: (pid 2197) 830s
    run: postgresql: (pid 2204) 830s; run: log: (pid 2203) 830s
    run: redis: (pid 2213) 830s; run: log: (pid 2210) 830s
    run: sidekiq: (pid 2195) 830s; run: log: (pid 2193) 830s
    run: unicorn: (pid 2196) 830s; run: log: (pid 2194) 830s
    

    GitLab服务启动后,我们可以通过Web页面访问GitLab服务。

    接下来,会专门再写一篇博客讲述如何在Windows上通过Git客户端像访问GitHub一样访问GitLab,敬请期待~

  • 相关阅读:
    奶酪(NOIP2017 Day2 T1)
    图的遍历(某谷P3916)
    20154331 EXP9web安全基础实践
    20154331 EXP8 web基础
    20154331EXP7 网络欺诈
    20154331 Exp6 信息搜集与漏洞扫描
    Exp5 MSF基础应用
    Exp4 恶意代码分析
    Exp3 免杀原理与实践
    20154331黄芮EXP2 后门原理与实践
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yizhiweiyan/p/13155408.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看