POJ 3264 区间最大最小值Sparse_Table算法

题目链接：http://poj.org/problem?id=3264

 Balanced Lineup

Time Limit: 5000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 47515		Accepted: 22314
Case Time Limit: 2000MS

Description

For the daily milking, Farmer John's N cows (1 ≤ N ≤ 50,000) always line up in the same order. One day Farmer John decides to organize a game of Ultimate Frisbee with some of the cows. To keep things simple, he will take a contiguous range of cows from the milking lineup to play the game. However, for all the cows to have fun they should not differ too much in height.

Farmer John has made a list of Q (1 ≤ Q ≤ 200,000) potential groups of cows and their heights (1 ≤ height ≤ 1,000,000). For each group, he wants your help to determine the difference in height between the shortest and the tallest cow in the group.

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers, N and Q. 
Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains a single integer that is the height of cow i 
Lines N+2..N+Q+1: Two integers A and B (1 ≤ A ≤ B ≤ N), representing the range of cows from A to B inclusive.

Output

Lines 1..Q: Each line contains a single integer that is a response to a reply and indicates the difference in height between the tallest and shortest cow in the range.

Sample Input

6 3
1
7
3
4
2
5
1 5
4 6
2 2

Sample Output

6
3
0

题目大意：给定一个数组，然后给一个区间[a,b]，输出从a到b中的最大值和最小值的差。
RMQ 和 线段树 均可
RMQ代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX(a,b) (a>b ? a:b)
#define MIN(a,b) (a>b ? b:a)
#define N 50010
int a[N],ma[N][25],mi[N][25];

void ST(int n)
{
   int i,j;
   for(i=1;i<=n;i++) 
       mi[i][0]=ma[i][0]=a[i];
       
    for (j = 1; (1<<j) <= n; j ++)
    for (i = 1; i + (1<<j)-1 <= n; i ++)
    {
        ma[i][j]=MAX(ma[i][j-1],ma[i+(1<<(j-1))][j-1]);
        mi[i][j]=MIN(mi[i][j-1],mi[i+(1<<(j-1))][j-1]);
    }
}

int rmq(int a,int b)
{
    int k = 0;
    while((1<<(k+1)) <= b-a+1) k++;
    return MAX(ma[a][k],ma[b-(1<<k)+1][k])-MIN(mi[a][k],mi[b-(1<<k)+1][k]);
}

int main()
{
   int n,i,q,x,y;
   while(scanf("%d %d",&n,&q)!=-1)
   {
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
           scanf("%d",a+i);
       ST(n);
       for(i=1;i<=q;i++)
       {
           scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);
           printf("%d
",rmq(x,y));
       }
   }
   return 0;
}