ora2pg是一款免费迁移工具，能将oracle迁移到pg，简单使用并记录过程如下
官方文档：http://ora2pg.darold.net/
环境：
虚拟机 oracle linux 7.7
oracle 11GR2 11.2.0.4
pg 13.1
Ora2Pg v21.0
1.安装ora2pg
1.1 安装perl依赖
ora2pg是Perl语言编写的，所以需要先安装相关环境依赖
[root@localhost ~]$ yum install -y perl perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be updated ---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-297.el7 will be an update (省略中间...) Dependency Installed: gdbm-devel.x86_64 0:1.10-8.el7 libdb-devel.x86_64 0:5.3.21-25.el7 perl-ExtUtils-Install.noarch 0:1.58-297.el7 perl-ExtUtils-Manifest.noarch 0:1.61-244.el7 perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS.noarch 1:3.18-3.el7 perl-IPC-Cmd.noarch 1:0.80-4.el7 perl-Locale-Maketext.noarch 0:1.23-3.el7 perl-Locale-Maketext-Simple.noarch 1:0.21-297.el7 perl-Module-CoreList.noarch 1:2.76.02-297.el7 perl-Module-Load.noarch 1:0.24-3.el7 perl-Module-Load-Conditional.noarch 0:0.54-3.el7 perl-Module-Metadata.noarch 0:1.000018-2.el7 perl-Params-Check.noarch 1:0.38-2.el7 perl-Perl-OSType.noarch 0:1.003-3.el7 perl-Test-Harness.noarch 0:3.28-3.el7 perl-devel.x86_64 4:5.16.3-297.el7 perl-version.x86_64 3:0.99.07-6.el7 pyparsing.noarch 0:1.5.6-9.el7 systemtap-sdt-devel.x86_64 0:4.0-13.0.1.el7 Updated: perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-297.el7 Dependency Updated: perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-297.el7 Complete! [root@localhost ~]$
1.2 安装DBI模块
DBI，Database Independent Interface，是Perl语言连接数据库的接口
下载地址https://metacpan.org/release/DBI 下载出DBI-1.643.tar.gz
然后解压安装
[root@localhost /usr/local]$ tar -xzvf DBI-1.643.tar.gz [root@localhost /usr/local/DBI-1.643]$ cd DBI-1.643/ [root@localhost /usr/local/DBI-1.643]$ perl Makefile.PL [root@localhost /usr/local/DBI-1.643]$ make [root@localhost /usr/local/DBI-1.643]$ make install
1.3 安装DBD::Oracle模块
添加环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib
安装DBD-Oracle驱动，下载地址https://metacpan.org/pod/release/PYTHIAN/DBD-Oracle-1.74/lib/DBD/Oracle.pm，下载出DBD-Oracle-1.74.tar.gz
[root@localhost /usr/local/DBD-Oracle-1.74]$ tar -zxvf DBD-Oracle-1.74.tar.gz [root@localhost /usr/local/DBD-Oracle-1.74]$ cd DBD-Oracle-1.74/ [root@localhost /usr/local/DBD-Oracle-1.74]$ perl Makefile.PL [root@localhost /usr/local/DBD-Oracle-1.74]$ make [root@localhost /usr/local/DBD-Oracle-1.74]$ make install
1.4 安装DBD::Pg模块
安装DBD-Pg驱动，下载地址https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg，下载出DBD-Pg-3.14.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost /usr/local]$ cd DBD-Pg-3.14.2/ [root@localhost /usr/local]$ perl Makefile.PL [root@localhost /usr/local]$ make [root@localhost /usr/local]$ make install
1.5 安装ORA2PG
下载地址https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/
[root@localhost /usr/local]$ cd ora2pg-21.0/ [root@localhost /usr/local/ora2pg-21.0]$ ls changelog doc INSTALL lib LICENSE Makefile.PL MANIFEST packaging README scripts [root@localhost /usr/local/ora2pg-21.0]$ perl Makefile.PL Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for Ora2Pg Done... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Please read documentation at http://ora2pg.darold.net/ before asking for help ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Now type: make && make install [root@localhost /usr/local/ora2pg-21.0]$ make cp lib/Ora2Pg.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg.pm cp lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm cp lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm cp lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm blib/lib/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm cp scripts/ora2pg blib/script/ora2pg /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/ora2pg cp scripts/ora2pg_scanner blib/script/ora2pg_scanner /usr/bin/perl -MExtUtils::MY -e 'MY->fixin(shift)' -- blib/script/ora2pg_scanner Manifying blib/man3/ora2pg.3 [root@localhost /usr/local/ora2pg-21.0]$ make install Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/GEOM.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Ora2Pg/MySQL.pm Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/ora2pg.3 Installing /usr/local/bin/ora2pg Installing /usr/local/bin/ora2pg_scanner Installing default configuration file (ora2pg.conf.dist) to /etc/ora2pg Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod [root@localhost /usr/local/ora2pg-21.0]$
1.6 查看软件是否安装成功
[root@localhost ~]$ cat check.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use ExtUtils::Installed;
my $inst=ExtUtils::Installed->new();
my @modules = $inst->modules();
foreach(@modules){
my $ver = $inst->version($_) || "???";
printf("%-12s -- %s
",$_,$ver);
}
exit;[root@localhost ~]$ perl check.pl
DBD::Oracle -- 1.74
DBD::Pg -- 3.14.2
DBI -- 1.643
Ora2Pg -- 21.0
Perl -- 5.16.3
测试一下
[root@localhost ~]$ cat ora2pg_table.conf ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl ORACLE_USER sys ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA scott TYPE TABLE PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT /root/ora2pg/table.sql [root@localhost ~]$ ora2pg -t SHOW_VERSION -c ora2pg_table.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 [root@localhost ~]$
2. 简单使用
oracle以scott这个schema为例，做迁移
2.1 迁移表
2.1.1 编写配置文件
创建ora2pg_table.conf，导出表结构的配置文件,内容见测试部分
创建ora2pg_data.conf，导出数据，内容如下
[root@localhost ~]$ cat ora2pg_data.conf ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA scott TYPE COPY PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT /root/ora2pg/data.sql [root@localhost ~]$
2.1.2 导出数据
执行导出命令，导出表结构和数据
[root@localhost ~]$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_table.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 4/4 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 4/4 tables (100.0%) end of table export. Fixing function calls in output files... [root@localhost ~]$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_data.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 4/4 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 0/0 rows (100.0%) Table BONUS (0 recs/sec) [> ] 0/23 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 0 recs/sec). [========================>] 4/4 rows (100.0%) Table DEPT (4 recs/sec) [====> ] 4/23 total rows (17.4%) - (0 sec., avg: 4 recs/sec). [========================>] 14/14 rows (100.0%) Table EMP (14 recs/sec) [==================> ] 18/23 total rows (78.3%) - (0 sec., avg: 18 recs/sec). [========================>] 5/5 rows (100.0%) Table SALGRADE (5 recs/sec) [========================>] 23/23 total rows (100.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 23 recs/sec). [========================>] 23/23 rows (100.0%) on total estimated data (1 sec., avg: 23 recs/sec) Fixing function calls in output files...
查看导出的sql
[root@localhost ~]$ cd ora2pg/
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ ls
data.sql table.sql
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ cat table.sql
-- Generated by Ora2Pg, the Oracle database Schema converter, version 21.0
-- Copyright 2000-2020 Gilles DAROLD. All rights reserved.
-- DATASOURCE: dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl
SET client_encoding TO 'UTF8';
set ON_ERROR_STOP ON
SET check_function_bodies = false;
CREATE TABLE bonus (
ename varchar(10),
job varchar(9),
sal float,
comm float
) ;
CREATE TABLE dept (
deptno smallint NOT NULL,
dname varchar(14),
loc varchar(13)
) ;
CREATE TABLE emp (
empno smallint NOT NULL,
ename varchar(10),
job varchar(9),
mgr smallint,
hiredate timestamp,
sal decimal(7,2),
comm decimal(7,2),
deptno smallint
) ;
CREATE TABLE salgrade (
grade float,
losal float,
hisal float
) ;
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ cat data.sql
BEGIN;
COPY bonus (ename,job,sal,comm) FROM STDIN;
.
COPY dept (deptno,dname,loc) FROM STDIN;
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
.
COPY emp (empno,ename,job,mgr,hiredate,sal,comm,deptno) FROM STDIN;
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 N 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 N 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 N 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 N 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 N 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT N 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 N 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 N 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 N 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 N 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 N 10
.
COPY salgrade (grade,losal,hisal) FROM STDIN;
1 700 1200
2 1201 1400
3 1401 2000
4 2001 3000
5 3001 9999
.
COMMIT;
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$
2.1.3 导入到pg
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ psql postgres postgres -f table.sql SET SET CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE [root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ psql postgres postgres -f data.sql BEGIN COPY 0 COPY 4 COPY 14 COPY 5 COMMIT
用navicat查看表和表中数据是否已经在pg中存在
表结构和表数据迁移过去了
2.2 迁移视图
oracle建立测试视图
类似迁移表，配置文件的type改为VIEW即可
oracle的scott用户下没有视图，我创建个测试视图
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Dec 22 11:10:06 2020 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 11:10:06 SCOTT@orcl> create or replace view view_test as 11:10:16 2 select b.dname,sum(a.sal) sal 11:10:16 3 from emp a 11:10:16 4 join dept b on a.deptno=b.deptno 11:10:16 5 group by b.dname; View created. Elapsed: 00:00:00.01 11:10:18 SCOTT@orcl> select * from view_test; DNAME SAL -------------- ---------- ACCOUNTING 8750 RESEARCH 10875 SALES 9400 Elapsed: 00:00:00.00 11:10:28 SCOTT@orcl>
编辑配置文件并迁移
过程如下
[root@localhost ~]$ cat ora2pg_view.conf ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl ORACLE_USER sys ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA scott TYPE VIEW PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT /root/ora2pg/view.sql [root@localhost ~]$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_view.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 1/1 views (100.0%) end of output. Fixing function calls in output files... [root@localhost ~]$ cd ora2pg/ [root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ ls data.sql table.sql view.sql [root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ cat view.sql -- Generated by Ora2Pg, the Oracle database Schema converter, version 21.0 -- Copyright 2000-2020 Gilles DAROLD. All rights reserved. -- DATASOURCE: dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl SET client_encoding TO 'UTF8'; set ON_ERROR_STOP ON SET check_function_bodies = false; CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_test (dname, sal) AS SELECT b.dname,sum(a.sal) sal FROM emp a join dept b on a.deptno=b.deptno group by b.dname; [root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ psql postgres postgres -f view.sql SET SET CREATE VIEW
到pg中查看已经有了这个视图了
2.3 迁移存储过程
2.3.1 oracle建立测试存储过程
14:15:29 SYS@orcl> conn scott/tiger;
Connected.
14:15:37 SCOTT@orcl> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE p_jsq_test as
14:15:39 2 begin
14:15:39 3 insert into emp(empno,ename) values ('1','king');
14:15:39 4 commit;
14:15:39 5 end;
14:15:45 6 /
Procedure created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
14:15:46 SCOTT@orcl>
2.3.2 迁移过程
[root@localhost ~]$ cat ora2pg_procedure.conf
ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl
ORACLE_USER sys
ORACLE_PWD oracle
SCHEMA scott
TYPE PROCEDURE
PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0
PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1
DEFAULT_NUMERIC float
SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks
NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
OUTPUT /root/ora2pg/procedure.sql
[root@localhost ~]$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_procedure.conf
WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11
[========================>] 1/1 procedures (100.0%) end of procedures export.
Fixing function calls in output files...
[root@localhost ~]$ cd ora2pg/
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ ls
data.sql procedure.sql table.sql view.sql
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ cat procedure.sql
-- Generated by Ora2Pg, the Oracle database Schema converter, version 21.0
-- Copyright 2000-2020 Gilles DAROLD. All rights reserved.
-- DATASOURCE: dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.168.3;sid=orcl
SET client_encoding TO 'UTF8';
set ON_ERROR_STOP ON
SET check_function_bodies = false;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE p_jsq_test () AS $body$
BEGIN
insert into emp(empno,ename) values ('1','king');
commit;
end;
$body$
LANGUAGE PLPGSQL
SECURITY DEFINER
;
-- REVOKE ALL ON PROCEDURE p_jsq_test () FROM PUBLIC;
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$ psql postgres postgres -f procedure.sql
SET
SET
CREATE PROCEDURE
[root@localhost ~/ora2pg]$
迁移到pg就变成函数了
其他object迁移方法类似，就不一一体验了
2.4 迁移成本评估
ora2pg将检查所有object来估算迁移成本和难易程度
[root@localhost ~]$ ora2pg -t SHOW_REPORT --estimate_cost -c ora2pg_data.conf
WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11
[========================>] 4/4 tables (100.0%) end of scanning.
[========================>] 8/8 objects types (100.0%) end of objects auditing.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ora2Pg v21.0 - Database Migration Report
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0
Schema SCOTT
Size 0.31 MB
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Object Number Invalid Estimated cost Comments Details
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATABASE LINK 0 0 0.00 Database links will be exported as SQL/MED PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extensions using oracle_fdw.
GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE 0 0 0.00 Global temporary table are not supported by PostgreSQL and will not be exported. You will have to rewrite some application code to match the PostgreSQL temporary table behavior.
INDEX 2 0 1.20 2 index(es) are concerned by the export, others are automatically generated and will do so on PostgreSQL. Bitmap will be exported as btree_gin index(es). Domain index are exported as b-tree but commented to be edited to mainly use FTS. Cluster, bitmap join and IOT indexes will not be exported at all. Reverse indexes are not exported too, you may use a trigram-based index (see pg_trgm) or a reverse() function based index and search. Use 'varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops' or 'bpchar_pattern_ops' operators in your indexes to improve search with the LIKE operator respectively into varchar, text or char columns. 2 b-tree index(es).
JOB 0 0 0.00 Job are not exported. You may set external cron job with them.
PROCEDURE 1 0 4.00 Total size of procedure code: 96 bytes. p_jsq_test: 3.
SYNONYM 0 0 0.00 SYNONYMs will be exported as views. SYNONYMs do not exists with PostgreSQL but a common workaround is to use views or set the PostgreSQL search_path in your session to access object outside the current schema.
TABLE 4 0 1.00 Total number of rows: 23. Top 10 of tables sorted by number of rows:. emp has 14 rows. salgrade has 5 rows. dept has 4 rows. bonus has 0 rows. Top 10 of largest tables:.
VIEW 1 0 1.00 Views are fully supported but can use specific functions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 8 0 7.20 7.20 cost migration units means approximatively 1 man-day(s). The migration unit was set to 5 minute(s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Migration level : A-3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Migration levels:
A - Migration that might be run automatically
B - Migration with code rewrite and a human-days cost up to 5 days
C - Migration with code rewrite and a human-days cost above 5 days
Technical levels:
1 = trivial: no stored functions and no triggers
2 = easy: no stored functions but with triggers, no manual rewriting
3 = simple: stored functions and/or triggers, no manual rewriting
4 = manual: no stored functions but with triggers or views with code rewriting
5 = difficult: stored functions and/or triggers with code rewriting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Details of cost assessment per function
Function p_jsq_test total estimated cost: 3
TEST => 2
SIZE => 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]$
从上述结果看出来scott这个schema迁移到pg属于比较简单，迁移成本低的