1)颜色,线条类型的设置
plt.plot(x,y, linestyle='--',color='g') 合并写为 plt.plot(x,y, ‘g--‘)
对数据点标记使用marker
plt.plot(randn(30).cumsum(), 'ko--') 拆分写为 plt.plot(randn(30).cumsum(), color='k', linestyle='dashed', marker='o')
2)图例的设置label,数据点连线的设置drawstyle='steps-post'
plt.figure()
data = randn(30).cumsum()
plt.plot(data, 'k--', label='Default')
plt.plot(data, 'k-', drawstyle='steps-post', label='steps-post')
#设置图例位置为最佳
plt.legend(loc='best')
3)设置刻度,标签,坐标轴名称,标题
#刻度设置
plt.xticks()
plt.yticks()
fig = plt.figure(); ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.plot(randn(1000).cumsum())
#set_xticks用来设置x轴刻度
ticks = ax.set_xticks([0, 250, 500, 750, 1000])
# set_xticklabel设置x轴标签,rotation设置旋转的角度
labels = ax.set_xticklabels(['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five'],rotation=30, fontsize='small')
#设置标题
ax.set_title('My first matplotlib plot')
#设置x轴名称
ax.set_xlabel('Stages')
4)在图像上添加注释
crisis_data = [
(datetime(2007, 10, 11), 'Peak of bull market'),
(datetime(2008, 3, 12), 'Bear Stearns Fails'),
(datetime(2008, 9, 15), 'Lehman Bankruptcy')]
for date, label in crisis_data:
# annotate()在图像上增加注释的函数,xy表示增加注释的坐标,xytext是注释放置的坐标
ax.annotate(label, xy=(date, spx.asof(date) + 50), xytext=(date, spx.asof(date) + 200),
#arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black')是为了设置指示符号,颜色为黑色
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black'),
#设置注释显示在左上方
horizontalalignment='left', verticalalignment='top')
#设置X轴和Y轴的刻度范围
ax.set_xlim(['1/1/2007', '1/1/2011'])
ax.set_ylim([600, 1800])
5)画多边形,并保存
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
rect = plt.Rectangle((0.2, 0.75), 0.4, 0.15, color='k', alpha=0.3)
circ = plt.Circle((0.7, 0.2), 0.15, color='b', alpha=0.3)
pgon = plt.Polygon([[0.15, 0.15], [0.35, 0.4], [0.2, 0.6]], color='g', alpha=0.5)
ax.add_patch(rect)
ax.add_patch(circ)
ax.add_patch(pgon)
保存下来:
fig.savefig('figpath.svg')
#图片类型设置,分辨率设置,图片周围空白设置
fig.savefig('figpath.png', dpi=400, bbox_inches='tight')
6)matplotlib配置
设置每张图片的默认大小
plt.rc('figure', figsize=(10, 10))
font_options={'family':'monospace',
'weight':'bold','size':'small'}
plt.rc('font',**font_options)