查看
dir(dict)
: 列出 dict
的方法
help(dict)
: 查看开发者对 dict
方法所编写的详细描述文档
help(dict.clear)
可以仅查看 clear() 的用法
clear()
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> d.clear()
>>> d
{}
>>>
copy()
>>> d1 = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d2 = d1.copy()
>>> d1
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> d2
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> id(d1)
1588975994624
>>> id(d2)
1588975994304
>>> d1["one"] = 100
>>> d1
{'one': 100, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> d2
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>>
get(key, default=None)
items()
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d.items()
dict_items([('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)])
>>> type(d.items())
<class 'dict_items'>
>>>
keys()
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d.keys()
dict_keys(['one', 'two', 'three'])
>>> type(d.keys())
<class 'dict_keys'>
>>>
pop()
- 释义
- 删除指定的键并返回相应的值
- 键不存在时,如果设置过返回值,则返回该值;否则,抛出
keyError
异常
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d.pop("one")
1
>>> d.pop("four")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
d.pop("four")
KeyError: 'four'
>>> d.pop("four", "not found")
'not found'
>>>
popitem()
- 释义
- 移除并返回一组键值对(二元组)
- 如果字典为空,则抛出
keyerror
异常
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d.popitem()
('three', 3)
>>> k, v = d.popitem()
>>> k
'two'
>>> v
2
>>> d.popitem()
('one', 1)
>>> d.popitem()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>
d.popitem()
KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'
>>>
setdefault(key, default=None)
- 释义
- 键在字典中时,返回该键对应的值
- 键不在字典中时,添加一组键值对
- 若传入了键值,则使用该值
- 否则,使用默认值
None
>>> d = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d.setdefault("one")
1
>>> d.setdefault("four")
>>> d
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': None}
>>> d.setdefault("five", 5)
5
>>> d
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': None, 'five': 5}
>>>
update()
- 释义
- 形如
d1.update(d2)
- 意为把
d2
的 key/value
更新到 d1
里
例1
>>> d1 = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d2 = {"four": 4}
>>> d1.update(d2)
>>> d1
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3, 'four': 4}
>>>
例2
>>> d1 = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d2 = {"one": 100}
>>> d1.update(d2)
>>> d1
{'one': 100, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>>
例3
>>> d1 = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
>>> d2 = {"two": 2}
>>> d1.update(d2)
>>> d1
{'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>>
values()
- 释义:与
keys()
相似,返回一个可迭代的结构
>>> d = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> d.values()
dict_values([1, 2, 3])
>>> type(d.values())
<class 'dict_values'>
>>>