用 Apache 的 Basic 认证 + git-http-backend 实现,使用 git-http-backend 搭建 git 服务的原理都是类似的, 主要是利用 web 服务器 (apache/nginx) 进行用户认证, 并将用户信息传递给 CGI 程序 git-http-backend , 从而实现通过 http 完成 git 操作。
安装 git-core、 nginx 和 fcgiwrap
输入下面的命令安装需要的这三个软件包:
apt-get install git-core nginx fcgiwrap
我的目的是在 nginx 的默认网站下添加一个虚拟目录 /git/ , 通过访问 /git/xxx.git 的形式来访问服务器上的 xxx.git 代码库, 这就需要修改一下 nginx 默认网站的配置文件 /etc/nginx/sites-available/default , 添加下面的信息:
配置以 /git 开始的虚拟目录
location ~ /git(/.*) {
# 使用 Basic 认证
auth_basic "Restricted";
# 认证的用户文件
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/passwd;
# FastCGI 参数
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend;
fastcgi_param GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL "";
# git 库在服务器上的跟目录
fastcgi_param GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/git-repos;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $1;
# 将认证用户信息传递给 fastcgi 程序
fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user;
# 包涵默认的 fastcgi 参数;
include fastcgi_params;
# 将允许客户端 post 的最大值调整为 100 兆
max_client_body_size 100M;
}
创建 nginx 认证用户文件
参考 nginx ngx http auth basic module , 用户认证文件格式如下: name1:password1 name2:password2:comment name3:password3
可以使用 htpasswd 命令创建用户, 如果服务器上没有这个命令的话, 可以输入命令
apt-get install apache2-utils
来安装这个命令, 安装了这个命令之后, 就可以使用它来创建认证用户了, 比如要创建用户 user1, 输入命令如下:
htpasswd /etc/nginx/passwd user1
然后根据提示输入密码就可以了。
创建 git 代码库
上面配置的 git 跟目录是 /var/git-repos , 我们在这个目录下初始化一个空的代码库, 命令如下:
cd /var/git-repos && git init --bare test.git
注意检查一下 test.git 的权限, 如果权限不足的话, 使用这个命令设置一下权限:
chmod a+rw -R test.git
重启 nginx 并测试输入命令
重启 nginx 并测试 git 服务:
nginx -s reload
git clone https://server-name/git/test.git
# You may add here your
# server {
# ...
# }
# statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
server {
listen 81 default_server;
listen [::]:81 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
server_name localhost;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
# include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
}
# Only for nginx-naxsi used with nginx-naxsi-ui : process denied requests
#location /RequestDenied {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#
# # With php5-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # With php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /.ht {
# deny all;
#}
location ~ /git(/.*) {
# 使用 Basic 认证
auth_basic "Restricted";
# 认证的用户文件
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/passwd;
# FastCGI 参数
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend;
fastcgi_param GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL "";
# git 库在服务器上的跟目录
fastcgi_param GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /home/git/jgit;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $1;
# 将认证用户信息传递给 fastcgi 程序
fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user;
# 包涵默认的 fastcgi 参数;
include fastcgi_params;
# 将允许客户端 post 的最大值调整为 100 兆
# max_client_body_size 100M;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;
#
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
#
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
#
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
#
# ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
# ssl_ciphers "HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 or HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES";
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
hett:{SHA}0sKDLVkfU/1hB8kzTtIA3q28ys8=
git:{SHA}0sKDLVkfU/1hB8kzTtIA3q28ys8=
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# nginx-naxsi config
##
# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
##
#include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;
##
# nginx-passenger config
##
# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
##
#passenger_root /usr;
#passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
server {
listen 443;
index index.html index.php;
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#访问形式 https://stroller.vip/git/test.git
location ~ /git(/.*) {
# 使用 Basic 认证
auth_basic "Restricted";
# 认证的用户文件
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/passwd;
# FastCGI 参数
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend;
fastcgi_param GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL "";
# git 库在服务器上的跟目录
fastcgi_param GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /home/git/jgit/;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $1;
# 将认证用户信息传递给 fastcgi 程序
fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user;
# 包涵默认的 fastcgi 参数;
include fastcgi_params;
# 将允许客户端 post 的最大值调整为 100 兆
# client_max_body_size 500m;
}
}
}
#mail {
# # See sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
#
# server {
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
# proxy on;
# }
#}