ModelSerializer 使用知识点_serializers.SerializerMethodField()使用场景总结

serializers.SerializerMethodField和钩子方法结合，可以实现对ModelSerializer类的一些字段进行二次加工，返回，如下：
1、对以ModelSerializer的类为外键数据进行处理

model如下：

A、Project

class Project(models.Model):
    """
    项目表
    """
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='项目名称')
    version = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='版本')
    description = models.CharField(max_length=1024, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='描述')
    status = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name='状态')
    LastUpdateTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='最近修改时间')
    createTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, max_length=1024, verbose_name='创建人')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '项目'
        verbose_name_plural = '项目'

B、ApiInfo （以project为外键）

class ApiInfo(models.Model):
    """
    接口信息
    """
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    project = models.ForeignKey(Project, related_name='api_project', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='所属项目')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '接口'
        verbose_name_plural = '接口管理'

2、project的ModelSerializer如下：

class ProjectSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    项目信息序列化
    """
    apiCount = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    LastUpdateTime = serializers.DateTimeField(format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", required=False, read_only=True)
    createTime = serializers.DateTimeField(format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", required=False, read_only=True)
    user = serializers.CharField(source='user.first_name')

    class Meta:
        model = Project
        fields = ('id', 'name', 'version', 'type', 'status', 'LastUpdateTime', 'createTime', 'apiCount',
                  'dynamicCount', 'memberCount', 'description', 'user')

    def get_apiCount(self, obj):
        return obj.api_project.all().count()

  
通过 obj.以它为外键的类字段的related_name 取出以它为外键的对象，该对象可以进行进行一般的model类操作（如obj.api_project.all().count()、obj.api_project.get（XXX查询条件）.XXX属性），从而处理以它为外键的数据

2、对ModelSerializer的类里的choice等复杂字段的处理
model如下，有choice复杂字段status 

class ApiInfo(models.Model):
    """
    接口信息
    """
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='接口名称')
    status = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='状态', choices=API_STATUS_CHOICES)

ModelSerializer如下：

class ApiDownLoanListSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    下载接口列表信息序列化
    """
    status = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_status(self, obj):
        return obj.get_status_display()

    class Meta:
        model = ApiInfo
        fields = ('id',  'name','status'）

通过serializers.SerializerMethodField 和钩子方法结合get_status_display()得到choice类数据

3、对ModelSerializer的类里的onetone类型数据取值

model如下，AutomationCaseApi

class AutomationCaseApi(models.Model):
    """
    用例执行接口
    """
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    automationTestCase = models.ForeignKey(AutomationTestCase, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                                           verbose_name='用例', related_name="api")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='接口名称')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用例接口'
        verbose_name_plural = '用例接口管理'

AutomationHeadRaw,和AutomationCaseApi一对一

class AutomationHeadRaw(models.Model):
    """
    测试用例的请求的json形式参数
    """
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    automationCaseApi = models.OneToOneField(AutomationCaseApi, related_name='headerRaw',
                                             on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='接口')
    data = models.TextField(verbose_name='源数据请求头json数据', blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '请求头json格式参数'
        verbose_name_plural = '请求头json格式参数管理'

ModelSerializer如下：

class AutomationCaseApiParamSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    自动化用例接口入参信息序列化
    """
    headerRaw = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_headerRaw(self, obj):
        if obj.headerRaw:
            return obj.headerRaw.data
        return None

    class Meta:
        model = AutomationCaseApi
        fields = ('id', 'name', 'apiAddress', 'parameterRaw', 'responseParameterRaw', 'headerRaw')

通过serializers.SerializerMethodField 和钩子方法结合obj.related_name得到choice类数据