python插入Elasticsearch操作

在用scrapy做爬虫的时候，需要将数据存入的es中。网上找了两种方法，照葫芦画瓢也能出来，暂记下来：

首先安装了es，版本是5.6.1的较早版本

用pip安装与es版本相对的es相关包

pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0

方法一：

以下是pipelines.py模块的完整代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import chardet

class SinafinancespiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0  注意与es版本需要对应
from elasticsearch_dsl import  Date,Nested,Boolean,analyzer,Completion,Keyword,Text,Integer,DocType
from elasticsearch_dsl.connections import connections
connections.create_connection(hosts=['192.168.52.138'])
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
es = Elasticsearch()

class AticleType(DocType):
    page_from = Keyword()
    # domain报错
    domain=Keyword()
    cra_url=Keyword()
    spider = Keyword()
    cra_time = Keyword()
    page_release_time = Keyword()
    page_title = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")
    page_content = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")
class Meta:
        index = "scrapy"
        doc_type = "sinafinance"
        # 以下settings和mappings都没起作用，暂且记下
        settings = {
            "number_of_shards": 3,
        }
        mappings = {
            '_id':{'path':'cra_url'}
        }


class ExchangeratespiderESPipeline(DocType):
    from elasticsearch5 import  Elasticsearch
    ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200']
    es = Elasticsearch(ES,sniff_on_start=True)

    def process_item(self, item, spider):

        spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES")
        article = AticleType()

        article.page_from=item['page_from']
        article.domain=item['domain']
        article.cra_url =item['cra_url']
        article.spider =item['spider']
        article.cra_time =item['cra_time']
        article.page_release_time =item['page_release_time']
        article.page_title =item['page_title']
        article.page_content =item['page_content']

        article.save()
        return item

以上方法能将数据写入es，但是如果重复爬取的话，会重复插入数据，因为 主键  ”_id”  是ES自己产生的，找不到自定义_id的入口。于是放弃。

方法二：实现自定义主键写入，覆盖插入

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch

class SinafinancespiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0  注意与es版本需要对应
class SinafinancespiderESPipeline():
    def __init__(self):
        self.ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200']
        # 创建es客户端
        self.es = Elasticsearch(
            self.ES,
            # 启动前嗅探es集群服务器
            sniff_on_start=True,
            # es集群服务器结点连接异常时是否刷新es结点信息
            sniff_on_connection_fail=True,
            # 每60秒刷新节点信息
            sniffer_timeout=60
        )


    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES")
        doc = {
            'page_from': item['page_from'],
            'domain': item['domain'],
            'spider': item['spider'],
            'page_release_time': item['page_release_time'],
            'page_title': item['page_title'],
            'page_content': item['page_content'],
            'cra_url': item['cra_url'],
            'cra_time': item['cra_time']
        }
        self.es.index(index='scrapy', doc_type='sinafinance', body=doc, id=item['cra_url'])

        return item

搜索数据的方法：

# 字典形式设置body
query = {
  'query': {
    'bool': {
      'must': [
        {'match': {'_all': 'python web'}}
      ],
      'filter': [
        {'term': {'status': 2}}
      ]
    }
  }
}
ret = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=query)

# 查询数据
data = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=body)
print(data)
# 增加
es.index(...)
# 修改
es.update(...)
# 删除
es.delete()

完成后

在settings.py模块中注册自定义的类

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   # 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderPipeline': 300,
   'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderESPipeline': 300,
}