题目:
Given a string, we can "shift" each of its letter to its successive letter, for example: "abc" -> "bcd"
. We can keep "shifting" which forms the sequence:
"abc" -> "bcd" -> ... -> "xyz"
Given a list of strings which contains only lowercase alphabets, group all strings that belong to the same shifting sequence.
For example, given: ["abc", "bcd", "acef", "xyz", "az", "ba", "a", "z"]
,
Return:
[ ["abc","bcd","xyz"], ["az","ba"], ["acef"], ["a","z"] ]
Note: For the return value, each inner list's elements must follow the lexicographic order.
链接: http://leetcode.com/problems/group-shifted-strings/
题解:
一道简单题,我又写得巨长...水平太有限了,唉。主要是数据结构选了一个Map<Integer, Map<String, List<String>>>,先以String长度为key,再以单词为key,List<String>为value。 其实可以不用这么麻烦, 就用Map<String,List<String>>就可以了。遍历keySet()的时候,只要长度不一样,continue就行了。时间复杂度还是一样的。 假设单词长度有限的情况下,还是O(n2)。 二刷再简化..........这句话说了几百遍。二刷再简化吧!
Time Complexity - O(n2), Space Complexity - O(n)。
public class Solution { public List<List<String>> groupStrings(String[] strings) { List<List<String>> res = new ArrayList<>(); if(strings == null || strings.length == 0) return res; Arrays.sort(strings); Map<Integer, Map<String, List<String>>> map = new HashMap<>(); for(int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) { String s = strings[i]; int len = s.length(); if(!map.containsKey(len)) { Map<String, List<String>> tmpMap = new HashMap<>(); tmpMap.put(s, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(s))); map.put(len, tmpMap); } else { Map<String, List<String>> tmpMap = map.get(len); boolean hasSequence = false; outerloop: for(String t : tmpMap.keySet()) { for(int k = 1; k < len; k++) { int curDistance = (int)(s.charAt(k) - t.charAt(k)); int lastDistance = (int)(s.charAt(k - 1) - t.charAt(k - 1)); curDistance = curDistance >= 0 ? curDistance : curDistance + 26; lastDistance = lastDistance >= 0 ? lastDistance : lastDistance + 26; if(curDistance != lastDistance) continue outerloop; } tmpMap.get(t).add(s); hasSequence = true; break; } if(!hasSequence) { tmpMap.put(s, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(s))); } } } for(int i : map.keySet()) { Map<String, List<String>> tmpMap = map.get(i); for(String s : tmpMap.keySet()) { res.add(map.get(i).get(s)); } } return res; } }
二刷:
二刷就好一些。之前写得比较乱也不容易懂,下面来分析二刷的想法。
- 主要是利用和求anagram一样的方法,利用HashMap来保存能group到一起的单词
- 对于能group到一起的每个单词来说,他们都会有一个base case,每个单词都是从这个base case shift出去的, 比如 abc, bcd, cde一类的,我们可以把abc认定为base case,那么所有base case为abc的单词,我们就可以group到一起
- 了解了原理,接下来我们就可以操作实现了,首先我们有一个HashMap<String,List<String>>, 这里的key是base case String, 比如abc, ab, a一类的, 而value List<String>就是可以被放入结果集中的List
- 我们遍历给定的数组Strings, 对于每一个单词s,
- 我们求出它的base case string
- 这里另外写了一个球base case string的方法getBaseStr
- 我们假定所有的base case string均以'a'为第一个字母
- 求出第一个字母被shift的长度lenShifted = s.charAt(0) - 'a', 并且建立一个StringBuilder用来保存结果
- 接下来对于string s中的每一个字母c,我们计算他在被移动lenShifted个长度之前的字母是什么
- 我们可以用c - 'a'求出c到'a'的距离, 再减去这个lenShifted,就得到了当前这个字母究竟被shift了多少个单位curShifted
- 之后处理一下特殊情况,当这个curShifted < 0的时候,我们要加上26,把它重新映射到26个小写字母里
- 最后求出c = char('a' + curShifted),这时更新后的c就是 shift之前的base char
- 我们把这个base char存入StringBuilder里,接着计算下一个字符。 (这里也可以使用stefan pochmann的写法大大简化代码)
- 最后返回sb.toString()就是我们要求的base case string
- 得到base case string把单词按照base case string存入到hashmap里
- 我们求出它的base case string
- 遍历完毕以后,我们还要对HashMap中的每个group进行排序
- 最后利用hashMap的结果集合values生成最终结果, 即 res = new ArrayList<List<String>>(map.values());
Java:
Time Complexity - O(nlogn), Space Complexity - O(n)。
public class Solution { public List<List<String>> groupStrings(String[] strings) { List<List<String>> res = new ArrayList<>(); if (strings == null || strings.length == 0) { return res; } Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>(); for (String s : strings) { String base = getBaseStr(s); if (!map.containsKey(base)) { map.put(base, new ArrayList<>()); } map.get(base).add(s); } for (String s : map.keySet()) { Collections.sort(map.get(s)); } res = new ArrayList<List<String>>(map.values()); return res; } private String getBaseStr(String s) { if (s == null || s.length() == 0) { return s; } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); int lenShifted = s.charAt(0) - 'a'; for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) { char c = s.charAt(i); int curShifted = c - 'a' - lenShifted; if (curShifted < 0) { curShifted += 26; } c = (char)('a' + curShifted); sb.append(c); } return sb.toString(); } }
Reference:
https://leetcode.com/discuss/50358/my-concise-java-solution
https://leetcode.com/discuss/69783/concise-10-lines-java-solution-with-explanation
https://leetcode.com/discuss/67240/around-13-lines-code-in-java
https://leetcode.com/discuss/64979/simple-solution-in-java-with-detailed-explaination
https://leetcode.com/discuss/64751/cannot-pass-tests-seems-nothing-wrong-for-the-custom-testcase
https://leetcode.com/discuss/58003/java-solution-with-separate-shiftstr-function
https://leetcode.com/discuss/53166/4ms-c-solution
https://leetcode.com/discuss/52627/python-easy-to-understand-solution-with-comments
https://leetcode.com/discuss/50582/4ms-c-solution
https://leetcode.com/discuss/50557/4ms-easy-c-solution-with-explanations
https://leetcode.com/discuss/50416/1-4-lines-in-java
https://leetcode.com/discuss/50163/1-4-lines-ruby-and-python