在n个不同的元素中:
若取 r 个按次序排列, 则成为从n中取r个排列,其排列数为:P( n, r )=( n! ) / ( n-r )! 。
如取出 r 个二不考虑起次序,则称为 从n中取 r 个组合, 其组合数为:C( n, r ) = ( n! )/[ ( r! ) *( n-r )! ] 。
进行阶乘运算的数值较大, 直接计算分子和分母的话,效率低切容易溢出。
一 : 采取:连乘 r 个整商法
C( n, r ) = [ (n-r-1) / r ] * [ (n-r-2)/(r-1) ] * ..........* [ n / 1 ] .
二: 二项式洗漱公式法
C( j, i ) = C( j, i-1) + C(j-1, i-1 ) .
通过 i, j 的双重循环直接递推 c[i][j] ;
样题:
POJ 2249
因为常用blockcodes编译代码,所以对于大的数据类型会选择 long long, 对于这道题,用了__int64类型(因为不常用,所以不能出错)
复习一下:定义 __int64 ( 双下划线+int+64 ) 输出:printf("I64d ", a); I64d !!!!
Binomial Showdown
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
Total Submissions: 18112 | Accepted: 5514 |
Description
In how many ways can you choose k elements out of n elements, not taking order into account?
Write a program to compute this number.
Write a program to compute this number.
Input
The input will contain one or more test cases.
Each test case consists of one line containing two integers n (n>=1) and k (0<=k<=n).
Input is terminated by two zeroes for n and k.
Each test case consists of one line containing two integers n (n>=1) and k (0<=k<=n).
Input is terminated by two zeroes for n and k.
Output
For each test case, print one line containing the required number. This number will always fit into an integer, i.e. it will be less than 231.
Warning: Don't underestimate the problem. The result will fit into an integer - but if all intermediate results arising during the computation will also fit into an integer depends on your algorithm. The test cases will go to the limit.
Warning: Don't underestimate the problem. The result will fit into an integer - but if all intermediate results arising during the computation will also fit into an integer depends on your algorithm. The test cases will go to the limit.
Sample Input
4 2 10 5 49 6 0 0
Sample Output
6 252 13983816
Source
采用 分整式连乘的方法
C ( n, k ) = (n-k+1)/k * (n-k+2)/(k-1) * ...... * ( n)/1 .
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> __int64 work(__int64 n, __int64 k) { if(k>n/2) k = n-k; //减少枚举量(剪枝)
__int64 a=1, b=1; //代表分子和分母 int i; for(i=1; i<=k; i++) //循环k次运算 { a=a*(n-i+1); //分子 b=b*i; if(a%b==0) //说明能整除,进行整数商处理 { a=a/b; b=1; } } return a/b; } int main() { int n, k; while(scanf("%d %d", &n, &k)!=EOF) { if(n==0 ) { break; } printf("%I64d ", work(n, k) ); } return 0; }