ES搜索引擎集群模式搭建【Kibana可视化】

一.简介

　　ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎（与Solr类似），基于RESTful web接口。Elasticsearch是用Java开发的，并作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布，是当前流行的企业级搜索引擎。设计用于云计算中，能够达到实时搜索，稳定，可靠，快速，安装使用方便。

二.相关概念

　　cluster

　　代表一个集群，集群中有多个节点，其中有一个为主节点，这个主节点通过选举产生，主从节点是对于集群内部来说的。ES的一个概念就是去中心化，字面上理解就是无中心节点，这是对于集群外部来说的，因为从外部来看ES集群，在逻辑上是个整体，你与任何一个节点的通信和与整个ES集群通信是等价的。

　　shards

　　代表索引分片，ES可以把一个完整的索引分成多个分片，这样的好处是可以把一个大的索引拆分成多个，分布到不同的节点上。构成分布式搜索。分片的数量只能在索引创建前指定，并且索引创建后不能更改。

　　replicas

　　代表索引副本，ES可以设置多个索引的副本，副本的作用一是提高系统的容错性，当某个节点某个分片损坏或丢失时可以从副本中恢复。二是提高ES的查询效率，ES会自动对搜索请求进行负载均衡。

　　recovery

　　代表数据恢复或叫数据重新分布，es在有节点加入或退出时会根据机器的负载对索引分片进行重新分配，挂掉的节点重新启动时也会进行数据恢复。

　　river

　　代表es的一个数据源，也是其它存储方式（如：数据库）同步数据到es的一个方法。它是以插件方式存在的一个es服务，通过读取river中的数据并把它索引到es中，官方的river有couchDB的，RabbitMQ的，Twitter的，Wikipedia的。

　　gateway

　　代表es索引快照的存储方式，es默认是先把索引存放到内存中，当内存满了时再持久化到本地硬盘。gateway对索引快照进行存储，当这个es集群关闭再重新启动时就会从gateway中读取索引备份数据。es支持多种类型的gateway，有本地文件系统（默认），分布式文件系统，Hadoop的HDFS和amazon的s3云存储服务。

　　discovery.zen

　　代表es的自动发现节点机制，es是一个基于p2p的系统，它先通过广播寻找存在的节点，再通过多播协议来进行节点之间的通信，同时也支持点对点的交互。

　　Transport

　　代表es内部节点或集群与客户端的交互方式，默认内部是使用tcp协议进行交互，同时它支持http协议（json格式）、thrift、servlet、memcached、zeroMQ等的传输协议（通过插件方式集成）。

三.上传

 　 

　　

四.创建用户

　　

五.配置

　　修改配置文件：elasticsearch.yml

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: zhen-es # 集群名称
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node-1 # 节点名称
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 192.168.245.133 # 本机ip
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200 # 开放端口
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1):
#
#discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes:
#
# For more information, consult the zen discovery module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true
# 配置放置脑裂
# discovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.245.130","192.168.245.131", "192.168.245.133"]
discovery.zen.ping_timeout: 120s
client.transport.ping_timeout: 60s

六.分发到其它节点（根据节点进行相应的修改）

　　执行命令：scp -r ./elasticsearch-6.6.0/ root@worker1:/usr/local/soft/

　　执行命令：scp -r ./elasticsearch-6.6.0/ root@worker2:/usr/local/soft/

　　

　　修改权限

　　

　　修改相应配置

　　节点worker1:

　　　　node.name: node-2

　　　　network.host: 192.168.245.130

　　节点worker2:

　　　　node.name: node-3

　　　　network.host: 192.168.245.131

七.测试ES

　　1.切换用户

　　　　su es

　　2.执行

　　　　cd ..

　　　　cd bin

　　　　./elasticsearch

　　3.结果

　　　　错误一

　　　　

　　　　解决方案一

　　　　编辑/etc/security/limits.conf，添加

　　　　* soft nofile 65536

　　　　* hard nofile 131072

　　　　* soft nproc 2048
　　　　* hard nproc 4096

　　　　节点master：

　　　　　

　　　　错误二

　　　　

　　　　第二个错误是新出现的，解决方案二

　　　　修改：/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf 

　　　　修改：4096-》5120

　　　　节点worker1:

　　　　

　　　　节点worker2:

　　　　

八.配置可视化显示和交互平台Kibana

　　1.简介

　　　　Kibana 是一款开源的数据分析和可视化平台，它是 Elastic Stack 成员之一，设计用于和 Elasticsearch 协作。您可以使用 Kibana 对Elasticsearch索引中的数据进行搜索、查看、交互操作。您可以很方便的利用图表、表格及地图对数据进行多元化的分析和呈现。

　　　　Kibana 可以使大数据通俗易懂。它很简单，基于浏览器的界面便于您快速创建和分享动态数据仪表板来追踪 Elasticsearch 的实时数据变化。

 　　2.配置

# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5601

# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
server.host: "192.168.245.133" # 根据节点ip配置

# Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy.
# Use the `server.rewriteBasePath` setting to tell Kibana if it should remove the basePath
# from requests it receives, and to prevent a deprecation warning at startup.
# This setting cannot end in a slash.
#server.basePath: ""

# Specifies whether Kibana should rewrite requests that are prefixed with
# `server.basePath` or require that they are rewritten by your reverse proxy.
# This setting was effectively always `false` before Kibana 6.3 and will
# default to `true` starting in Kibana 7.0.
#server.rewriteBasePath: false

# The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
#server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576

# The Kibana server's name.  This is used for display purposes.
#server.name: "your-hostname"

# The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://192.168.245.130:9200","http://192.168.245.131:9200","http://192.168.245.133:9200"] # 配置集群中所有的节点

# When this setting's value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
# setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
# that connects to this Kibana instance.
#elasticsearch.preserveHost: true

# Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
kibana.index: ".kibana"

# The default application to load.
#kibana.defaultAppId: "home"

# If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
#elasticsearch.username: "user"
#elasticsearch.password: "pass"

# Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
#server.ssl.enabled: false
#server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
#server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key

# Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
# These files validate that your Elasticsearch backend uses the same key files.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key

# Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ]

# To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
#elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full

# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
# the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
#elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500

# Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
# must be a positive integer.
#elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000

# List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
# headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
#elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ]

# Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
# by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
#elasticsearch.customHeaders: {}

# Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 30000

# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying.
#elasticsearch.startupTimeout: 5000

# Logs queries sent to Elasticsearch. Requires logging.verbose set to true.
#elasticsearch.logQueries: false

# Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
#pid.file: /var/run/kibana.pid

# Enables you specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
#logging.dest: stdout

# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
#logging.silent: false

# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
#logging.quiet: false

# Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
# and all requests.
#logging.verbose: false

# Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
# metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
#ops.interval: 5000

# Specifies locale to be used for all localizable strings, dates and number formats.
#i18n.locale: "en"

　　3.启动

　　　　运行命令：./kibana

　　4.查看ES集群情况

　　以及节点详情：

　　此时表示ES集群配置及启动成功！