Leetcode No.167 Two Sum II

1. 题目

1.1 英文题目

Given an array of integers numbers that is already sorted in non-decreasing order, find two numbers such that they add up to a specific target number.

Return the indices of the two numbers (1-indexed) as an integer array answer of size 2, where 1 <= answer[0] < answer[1] <= numbers.length.

The tests are generated such that there is exactly one solution. You may not use the same element twice.

1.2 中文题目

一个有序数组，找到两个数和等于特定数的位置。
注意：索引从1开始并且数组中的一个元素只能用一次。

1.3输入输出

输入	输出
numbers = [2,7,11,15], target = 9	[1,2]
numbers = [2,3,4], target = 6	[1,3]
numbers = [-1,0], target = -1	[1,2]

1.4 约束条件

• 2 <= numbers.length <= 3 * 104
• -1000 <= numbers[i] <= 1000
• numbers is sorted in non-decreasing order.
• -1000 <= target <= 1000
• The tests are generated such that there is exactly one solution.

2. 分析

2.1 暴力求解法

这一题首先可以利用暴力求解法，遍历所有可能的组合，复杂度为O((n^{2})),代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& numbers, int target) {
        vector<int> result(2);
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.size() - 1; i++)
        {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < numbers.size(); j++)
            {
                if (target - numbers[i] == numbers[j])
                {
                    result = { ++i, ++j };
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};

这种方法运行效率太低，而且没有利用数组有序的条件

2.2 哈希表法

这种方法是参考leetcode第一题的解法，第一题和该题唯一的差异是第一题数组无序，因此第一题的哈希表法同样适用于本题，但是没有利用到数组有序的条件，非最优，时间复杂度为O(n)。代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& numbers, int target) {
		// 哈希表
        map<int, int> hashMap;
        vector<int> ans;
        int temp = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.size(); i++)
        {
            temp = target - numbers[i];
            if (hashMap.count(temp))
            {
                ans = { ++hashMap[temp], ++i };
                break;
            }
            hashMap[numbers[i]] = i;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

2.3 二分法

遍历一个，查找另一个，而数组又是有序的，很容易想到二分法，时间复杂度为O((nlogn))。具体代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& numbers, int target) {
		//二分法
        vector<int> result;
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.size() - 1; i++)
        {
            int second = target - numbers[i];
            int left = i + 1;
            int right = numbers.size() - 1;
            while (left <= right)
            {
                int mid = (left + right) / 2;
                if (second < numbers[mid])
                    right = mid - 1;
                else if (second > numbers[mid])
                    left = mid + 1;
                else
                {
                    result.push_back(++i);
                    result.push_back(++mid);
                    break;
                }
                if (result.size() == 2)
                    break;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};

2.4 头尾指针法

该方法特别秒，利用两个指针分别指向头尾，通过头尾数之和和目标数进行比较，前者大则尾指针左移，前者小则指针右移。充分利用了排好序数组这一特性，时间复杂度为O(n),代码如下：

public:
    vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& numbers, int target) {
        vector<int> result;
        int head = 0;
        int tail = numbers.size() - 1;
        while (head < tail)
        {
            int tempAdd = numbers[head] + numbers[tail];
            if (tempAdd < target)
                head++;
            else if (tempAdd > target)
                tail--;
            else
            {
                result = { ++head, ++tail };
                break;
            }  
        }
        return result;
    }
};

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/f3a8a247f4c8