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  • ORACLE 日常维护命令手册

    1查看数据库版本
    SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

    2查看数据库语言环境
    SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;

    3查看ORACLE实例状态
    SELECT INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUS
    FROM V$INSTANCE;

    4查看ORACLE监听状态
    lsnrctl status

    5查看数据库归档模式
    SELECT NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE FROM V$DATABASE;

    6查看回收站中对象
    SELECT OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,TYPE FROM RECYCLEBIN;

    7清空回收站中对象
    PURGE RECYCLEBIN;

    8还原回收站中的对象
    FLASHBACK TABLE "BIN$GOZUQZ6GS222JZDCCTFLHQ==$0" TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO TEST;

    9闪回误删除的表
    FLASHBACK TABLE AAA TO BEFORE DROP;

    10闪回表中记录到某一时间点
    ALTER TABLE TEST ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;
    FLASHBACK TABLE TEST TO TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-15 21:17:47','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

    11查看当前会话
    SELECT SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME,PROGRAM,MACHINE,STATUS FROM V$SESSION;

    12查看DDL锁
    SELECT *
    FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKS
    WHERE OWNER = 'FWYANG';

    13检查等待事件
    SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXT
    FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1
    WHERE WAIT_CLASS <> 'Idle'
    AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;

    14检查数据文件状态
    SELECT FILE_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;

    15检查表空间使用情况
    SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",
      D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",
     D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",
      TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2),
      '990.99') "使用比",
      F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",
      F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"
      FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
      ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
      ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
      FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
      GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
      (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
      ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
      FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
      GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D
      WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME
      ORDER BY 4 DESC;

    16收缩表空间
    ALTER TABLESPCE TS_AJ_DATA COALESCE;

    17增加表空间大小
    SELECT T.TABLESPACE_NAME, T.FILE_NAME, T.BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
    FROM DBA_DATA_FILES T
    WHERE T.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'TS_AJ_DATA';

    ALTER TABLESPACE TS_AJ_DATA ADD DATAFILE '/DATA/TS_AJ_DATA05_10G.DBF'
    SIZE 10000M
    AUTOEXTEND OFF;

    18检查不起作用的约束
    SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, STATUS
    FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS
    WHERE STATUS = 'DISABLE';

    19检查发生坏块的数据库对象
    SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME
    FROM DBA_EXTENTS
    WHERE FILE_ID = < AFN >
    AND < BLOCK > BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

    20检查无效的数据库对象
    SELECT OWNER,OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPE
    FROM DBA_OBJECTS
    WHERE STATUS ='INVALID';

    21查看语句执行进度
    SELECT SE.SID,
    OPNAME,
    TRUNC(SOFAR / TOTALWORK * 100, 2) || '%' AS PCT_WORK,
    ELAPSED_SECONDS ELAPSED,
    ROUND(ELAPSED_SECONDS * (TOTALWORK - SOFAR) / SOFAR) REMAIN_TIME,
    SQL_TEXT
    FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS SL, V$SQLAREA SA, V$SESSION SE
    WHERE SL.SQL_HASH_VALUE = SA.HASH_VALUE
    AND SL.SID = SE.SID
    AND SOFAR != TOTALWORK
    ORDER BY START_TIME;

    22检查碎片程度高的表
    SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME, COUNT(*) EXTENTS
    FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
    WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
    GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME
    HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))
    FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
    GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME);

    23检查表空间的 I/O 比例
    SELECT DF.TABLESPACE_NAME NAME,
    DF.FILE_NAME "FILE",
    F.PHYRDS PYR,
    F.PHYBLKRD PBR,
    F.PHYWRTS PYW,
    F.PHYBLKWRT PBW
    FROM V$FILESTAT F, DBA_DATA_FILES DF
    WHERE F.FILE# = DF.FILE_ID
    ORDER BY DF.TABLESPACE_NAME;

    24检查碎片程度高的表
    SELECT segment_name table_name, COUNT(*) extents
    FROM dba_segments
    WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
    GROUP BY segment_name
    HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))
    FROM dba_segments
    GROUP BY segment_name);

    25检查文件系统的 I/O 比例
    SELECT SUBSTR(A.FILE#, 1, 2) "#",
    SUBSTR(A.NAME, 1, 30) "NAME",
    A.STATUS,
    A.BYTES,
    B.PHYRDS,
    B.PHYWRTS
    FROM V$DATAFILE A, V$FILESTAT B
    WHERE A.FILE# = B.FILE#;

    26检查消耗CPU最高的进程
    SELECT P.PID PID,
    S.SID SID,
    P.SPID SPID,
    S.USERNAME USERNAME,
    S.OSUSER OSNAME,
    P.SERIAL# S_#,
    P.TERMINAL,
    P.PROGRAM PROGRAM,
    P.BACKGROUND,
    S.STATUS,
    RTRIM(SUBSTR(A.SQL_TEXT, 1, 80)) SQLFROM
    FROM V$PROCESS P, V$SESSION S, V$SQLAREA A
    WHERE P.ADDR = S.PADDR
    AND S.SQL_ADDRESS = A.ADDRESS(+)
    AND P.SERIAL# <> '1';

    27检查运行很久的SQL
    SELECT USERNAME,
    SID,
    OPNAME,
    ROUND(SOFAR * 100 / TOTALWORK, 0) || '%' AS PROGRESS,
    TIME_REMAINING,
    SQL_TEXT
    FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS, V$SQL
    WHERE TIME_REMAINING <> 0
    AND SQL_ADDRESS = ADDRESS
    AND SQL_HASH_VALUE = HASH_VALUE;

    28等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取
    SELECT *
    FROM (SELECT *
    FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENT
    WHERE EVENT NOT LIKE 'SQL%'
    ORDER BY TOTAL_WAITS DESC)
    WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;

    29查找前十条性能差的SQL
    SELECT *
    FROM (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,
    SORTS,
    COMMAND_TYPE,
    DISK_READS,
    SQL_TEXT
    FROM V$SQLAREA
    ORDER BY DISK_READS DESC)
    WHERE ROWNUM < 10;

    30检查死锁
    SELECT bs.username "Blocking User", bs.username "DB User",
    ws.username "Waiting User", bs.SID "SID", ws.SID "WSID",
    bs.serial# "Serial#", bs.sql_address "address",
    bs.sql_hash_value "Sql hash", bs.program "Blocking App",
    ws.program "Waiting App", bs.machine "Blocking Machine",
    ws.machine "Waiting Machine", bs.osuser "Blocking OS User",
    ws.osuser "Waiting OS User", bs.serial# "Serial#",
    ws.serial# "WSerial#",
    DECODE (wk.TYPE,
    'MR', 'Media Recovery',
    'RT', 'Redo Thread',
    'UN', 'USER Name',
    'TX', 'Transaction',
    'TM', 'DML',
    'UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK',
    'DX', 'Distributed Xaction',
    'CF', 'Control FILE',
    'IS', 'Instance State',
    'FS', 'FILE SET',
    'IR', 'Instance Recovery',
    'ST', 'Disk SPACE Transaction',
    'TS', 'Temp Segment',
    'IV', 'Library Cache Invalidation',
    'LS', 'LOG START OR Switch',
    'RW', 'ROW Wait',
    'SQ', 'Sequence Number',
    'TE', 'Extend TABLE',
    'TT', 'Temp TABLE',
    wk.TYPE
    ) lock_type,
    DECODE (hk.lmode,
    0, 'None',
    1, 'NULL',
    2, 'ROW-S (SS)',
    3, 'ROW-X (SX)',
    4, 'SHARE',
    5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',
    6, 'EXCLUSIVE',
    TO_CHAR (hk.lmode)
    ) mode_held,
    DECODE (wk.request,
    0, 'None',
    1, 'NULL',
    2, 'ROW-S (SS)',
    3, 'ROW-X (SX)',
    4, 'SHARE',
    5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',
    6, 'EXCLUSIVE',
    TO_CHAR (wk.request)
    ) mode_requested,
    TO_CHAR (hk.id1) lock_id1, TO_CHAR (hk.id2) lock_id2,
    DECODE
    (hk.BLOCK,
    0, 'NOT Blocking', /**//* Not blocking any other processes */
    1, 'Blocking', /**//* This lock blocks other processes */
    2, 'Global', /**//* This lock is global, so we can't tell */
    TO_CHAR (hk.BLOCK)
    ) blocking_others
    FROM v$lock hk, v$session bs, v$lock wk, v$session ws
    WHERE hk.BLOCK = 1
    AND hk.lmode != 0
    AND hk.lmode != 1
    AND wk.request != 0
    AND wk.TYPE(+) = hk.TYPE
    AND wk.id1(+) = hk.id1
    AND wk.id2(+) = hk.id2
    AND hk.SID = bs.SID(+)
    AND wk.SID = ws.SID(+)
    AND (bs.username IS NOT NULL)
    AND (bs.username <> 'SYSTEM')
    AND (bs.username <> 'SYS')
    ORDER BY 1;

    31查看正在运行的JOB
    SELECT * FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING;

    32检查数据库JOB的完成情况
    SELECT JOB, LOG_USER, LAST_DATE, NEXT_DATE, WHAT, FAILURES
    FROM DBA_JOBS;

    33查看正在运行的JOB对应的SID、SERIAL#、SPID
    SELECT A.JOB, B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID
    FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING A, V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C
    WHERE A.SID = B.SID
    AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR
    AND JOB = '21';

    34通过SID查询SERIAL#、SPID
    SELECT B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID
    FROM V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C
    WHERE B.SID = '554'
    AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR;

    35停止会话
    --SID:554 SERIAL#:1134 SPID:23242
    ORACLE级别:
    ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '554,1134';
    操作系统级别:
    kill -9 23242

    转自     https://blog.csdn.net/sunbocong/article/details/80044982

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuxingli/p/11255672.html
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