Centos7上以RPM包方式安装Oracle 18c XE

Centos7上以RPM包方式安装Oracle 18c XE

安装阿里云 YUM 源

https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror?lang=zh-CN

一、安装oracle数据库

1. 安装Oracle预安装RPM

yum -y localinstall https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

1. 安装Oracle Database RPM

yum localinstall -y  oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

 

二、创建和配置Oracle数据库

1.查看配置

#根据需要修改

cat  /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf

 [root@localhost sysconfig]# cat oracle-xe-18c.conf

#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database.

#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure'.

# LISTENER PORT used Database listener, Leave empty for automatic port assignment

LISTENER_PORT=1521

# EM_EXPRESS_PORT Oracle EM Express URL port

EM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500

# Character set of the database

CHARSET=AL32UTF8

# Database file directory

# If not specified, database files are stored under Oracle base/oradata

DBFILE_DEST=

# SKIP Validations, memory, space

SKIP_VALIDATIONS=false

2.创建Oracle数据库实例

执行脚本

/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure

# 执行脚本之后将创建一个容器数据库(ROOTCDB)和一个可插拔数据库(XEPDB1)，并且配置的默认监听端口是1521。

注意： /opt 目录剩余空间大小

[root@localhost home]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure

Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:

Confirm the password:

Configuring Oracle Listener.

Listener configuration succeeded.

Configuring Oracle Database XE.

Enter SYS user password:

**********

Enter SYSTEM user password:

**********

Enter PDBADMIN User Password:

**********

Prepare for db operation

7% complete

Copying database files

29% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

30% complete

31% complete

34% complete

38% complete

41% complete

43% complete

Completing Database Creation

47% complete

50% complete

Creating Pluggable Databases

54% complete

71% complete

Executing Post Configuration Actions

93% complete

Running Custom Scripts

100% complete

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:XE

System Identifier(SID):XE

Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE/XE.log" for further details.

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:

     Pluggable database: localhost.localdomain/XEPDB1

     Multitenant container database: localhost.localdomain

Use https://localhost:5500/em to access Oracle Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database XE

[root@localhost home]# echo $?

0

 

三、使用

#作用于/etc/profile 一样

vi /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=XE

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin

#刷新环境变量

source /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh

相关命令

#监听端口查看

netstat -tunlp | grep -E '1521|5500'

# 监听

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl stop

lsnrctl stat

# 数据库

dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

dbshut  $ORACLE_HOME

连接到oracle数据库

# 切换到 oracle 用户，root 用户下无法连接su - oracle

# 启动监听

lsnrctl start

# 以 sysdba 身份登录

sqlplus / as sysdba

修改数据库密码

-- 启动数据库

startup;

-- 配置 system 和 sys 账户的密码

alter user system identified by abc123456;

alter user sys identified by abc123456;

-- 版本查询

select banner from sys.v_$version;

-- 查看所有用户

select username from dba_users;

开放防火墙端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=1521/tcp

firewall-cmd --reload

firewall-cmd --list-ports

 

四、添加开机自启动

 

1.新建环境参数

 

vi /etc/sysconfig/XE.oracledb

 

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oradata
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE
ORACLE_SID=XE

 

2.新建监听服务

 

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/XE@lsnrctl.service

 

[Unit]
Description=Oracle Net Listener
After=network.target

 

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/XE.oracledb
ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/lsnrctl start
ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/lsnrctl stop
User=oracle

 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

3.新建数据库服务

 

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/XE@oracledb.service

 

[Unit]
Description=Oracle Database service
After=network.target lsnrctl.service

 

[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb
ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME
User=oracle

 

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

4.设置服务自启动

 

# 刷新服务
systemctl daemon-reload

 

# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable XE@lsnrctl XE@oracledb

 

5.设置数据库自启动

 

# 此文件由 root.sh 创建
# 格式为：$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>
# 第一个和第二个字段分别是数据库的系统标识符和主目录。
第三个字段为是否跟随 dbstart 命令启动数据库实例
# 不允许有相同 $ORACLE_SID 的条目
vi /etc/oratab

 

XE:/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE:Y