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  • Android -- EventBus解析

    EventBus

    EventBus 是一个 Android 事件发布/订阅框架,通过解耦发布者和订阅者简化 Android 事件传递。传统的事件传递方式包括:Handler、BroadCastReceiver、Interface 回调,相比之下 EventBus 的优点是代码简洁,使用简单,并将事件发布和订阅充分解耦。

    事件(Event):又可称为消息。其实就是一个对象,可以是网络请求返回的字符串,也可以是某个开关状态等等。事件类型(EventType)指事件所属的 Class。事件分为一般事件和 Sticky 事件,相对于一般事件,Sticky 事件不同之处在于,当事件发布后,再有订阅者开始订阅该类型事件,依然能收到该类型事件最近一个 Sticky 事件。

    订阅者(Subscriber):订阅某种事件类型的对象。当有发布者发布这类事件后,EventBus 会执行订阅者的 onEvent 函数,这个函数叫事件响应函数。订阅者通过 register 接口订阅某个事件类型,unregister 接口退订。订阅者存在优先级,优先级高的订阅者可以取消事件继续向优先级低的订阅者分发,默认所有订阅者优先级都为 0。

    发布者(Publisher):发布某事件的对象,通过 post 接口发布事件。

    类关系

    流程

    EventBus 负责存储订阅者、事件相关信息,订阅者和发布者都只和 EventBus 关联。

    订阅者首先调用 EventBus 的 register 接口订阅某种类型的事件,当发布者通过 post 接口发布该类型的事件时,EventBus 执行调用者的事件响应函数。

    解析

    EventBus 类负责所有对外暴露的 API,其中的 register()、post()、unregister() 函数配合上自定义的 EventType 及事件响应函数即可完成核心功能。

    EventBus 默认可通过静态函数 getDefault() 获取单例,当然有需要也可以通过 EventBusBuilder 或 构造函数新建一个 EventBus,每个新建的 EventBus 发布和订阅事件都是相互隔离的,即一个 EventBus 对象中的发布者发布事件,另一个 EventBus 对象中的订阅者不会收到该订阅。

    EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    

    register()方法解析:

        public void register(Object subscriber) {
            Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
            // @Subscribe in anonymous classes is invisible to annotation processing, always fall back to reflection
            boolean forceReflection = subscriberClass.isAnonymousClass();
            List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods =
                    subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass, forceReflection);//主要查找又什么方法是在这个函数里面
            for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            }
        }
    

    通过一个findSubscriberMethods方法找到了一个订阅者中的所有订阅方法,返回一个 List

    List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, boolean forceReflection) {
      		//类名
            String key = subscriberClass.getName();
            List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;
            synchronized (METHOD_CACHE) {
              	//判断是否有缓存,有缓存直接返回缓存  
                subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(key);
            }
      		//第一次进来subscriberMethods肯定是Null
            if (subscriberMethods != null) {
                return subscriberMethods;
            }
      		//INDEX是GeneratedSubscriberIndex
            if (INDEX != null && !forceReflection) {
                subscriberMethods = findSubscriberMethodsWithIndex(subscriberClass);//后面再来看这个函数
                if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
                    subscriberMethods = findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection(subscriberClass);//通过反射来找到方法
                }
            } else {
                subscriberMethods = findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection(subscriberClass);//通过反射来找到方法
            }
            if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                        + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
            } else {
                synchronized (METHOD_CACHE) {
                    METHOD_CACHE.put(key, subscriberMethods);//放入缓存
                }
                return subscriberMethods;
            }
        }
    

    findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection:

    private List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
            List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();
            Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;
            HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();
            StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            while (clazz != null) {
                String name = clazz.getName();
              	//过滤掉系统类  
                if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {
                    // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance
                    break;
                }
    
                // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
             	 //通过反射,获取到订阅者的所有方法
                Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
                for (Method method : methods) {
                    int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
                  	//判断是否是public,是否有修饰符
                    if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
                      	//获得订阅函数的参数 
                        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                      	//参数只能是1个
                        if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                          	//通过Annotation去拿一些数据
                            Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                            if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                                String methodName = method.getName();//方法名字
                                Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];//类型
                              	//获取参数类型,其实就是接收事件的类型  
                                methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
                                methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);
                                methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());
    
                                String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
                                if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {
                                    // Only add if not already found in a sub class
                                    ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                                  	//封装一个订阅方法对象,这个对象包含Method对象,threadMode对象,eventType对象,优先级prority,sticky
                                    subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                            subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                                }
                            }
                        } else if (strictMethodVerification) {
                            if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                                String methodName = name + "." + method.getName();
                                throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
                                        "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (strictMethodVerification) {
                        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                            String methodName = name + "." + method.getName();
                            throw new EventBusException(methodName +
                                    " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
                        }
    
                    }
                }
    			//再去查找父类
                clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
            }
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
    

    方法的讲解都在注释里面。

    for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            }
    

    每个订阅方法都调用subscribe方法:

    private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
      		//从订阅方法中拿到订阅事件的类型  
            Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
      		//通过订阅事件类型,找到所有的订阅(Subscription),订阅中包含了订阅者,订阅方法
            CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
      		//创建一个新的订阅 
            Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
      		//将新建的订阅加入到这个事件类型对应的所有订阅列表  
            if (subscriptions == null) {
              	//如果该事件目前没有订阅列表,那么创建并加入该订阅  
                subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();
                subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
            } else {
              	//如果有订阅列表,检查是否已经加入过  
                if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                            + eventType);
                }
            }
    
            // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
            // subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);
    
            // Got to synchronize to avoid shifted positions when adding/removing concurrently
      		//根据优先级插入订阅
            synchronized (subscriptions) {
                int size = subscriptions.size();
                for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
                    if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
                        subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
    		//将这个订阅事件加入到订阅者的订阅事件列表中
            List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
            if (subscribedEvents == null) {
                subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
                typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
            }
            subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
    
            if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
                if (eventInheritance) {
                    // Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
                    // Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
                    // thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
                    // (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
                    Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
                    for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                        Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                        if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                            Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                            checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
                    checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                }
            }
        }
    

    第一步:通过subscriptionsByEventType得到该事件类型所有订阅者信息队列,根据优先级将当前订阅者信息插入到订阅者队列subscriptionsByEventType中;

    第二步:在typesBySubscriber中得到当前订阅者订阅的所有事件队列,将此事件保存到队列typesBySubscriber中,用于后续取消订阅;

    第三步:检查这个事件是否是 Sticky 事件,如果是则从stickyEvents事件保存队列中取出该事件类型最后一个事件发送给当前订阅者

    private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {
            if (stickyEvent != null) {
                // If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)
                // --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.
                postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
            }
        }
    
    private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
            switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
                case PostThread:
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                    break;
                case MainThread:
                    if (isMainThread) {
                        invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                    } else {
                        mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                    }
                    break;
                case BackgroundThread:
                    if (isMainThread) {
                        backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                    } else {
                        invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                    }
                    break;
                case Async:
                    asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
            }
        }
    

    过程:

    1. 找到被注册者中所有的订阅方法。
    2. 依次遍历订阅方法,找到EventBus中eventType对应的订阅列表,然后根据当前订阅者和订阅方法创建一个新的订阅加入到订阅列表。
    3. 找到EvnetBus中subscriber订阅的事件列表,将eventType加入到这个事件列表。
    public void post(Object event) {
      		//拿到PostingThreadState
            PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
            List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
      		//将事件放入队列 
            eventQueue.add(event);
    
            if (!postingState.isPosting) {
                postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
                postingState.isPosting = true;//设置为正在post
                if (postingState.canceled) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
                }
                try {
                    while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
                      	//分发事件
                        postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
                    }
                } finally {
                    postingState.isPosting = false;
                    postingState.isMainThread = false;
                }
            }
        }
    
    private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
            Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
            boolean subscriptionFound = false;
            if (eventInheritance) {
              	//找到eventClass对应的事件,包含父类对应的事件和接口对应的事件 
                List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
                int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
                for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
                    Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
                  	//postSingleEventForEventType去查找,其中里面的数据都是通过subscribe()缓存进去的
                    subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
                }
            } else {
                subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
            }
            if (!subscriptionFound) {
                if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
                }
                if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
                        eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
                  	//如果没有订阅发现,那么会Post一个NoSubscriberEvent事件
                    post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
                }
            }
        }
    
    private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
            CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
            synchronized (this) {
              	//subscriptionsByEventType是从subscribe()缓存进去的
                subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
            }
            if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
                for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
                    postingState.event = event;
                    postingState.subscription = subscription;
                    boolean aborted = false;
                    try {
                      	//对每个订阅调用该方法
                        postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                        aborted = postingState.canceled;
                    } finally {
                        postingState.event = null;
                        postingState.subscription = null;
                        postingState.canceled = false;
                    }
                    if (aborted) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    

    post 函数会首先得到当前线程的 post 信息PostingThreadState,其中包含事件队列,将当前事件添加到其事件队列中,然后循环调用 postSingleEvent 函数发布队列中的每个事件。

    postSingleEvent 函数会先去eventTypesCache得到该事件对应类型的的父类及接口类型,没有缓存则查找并插入缓存。循环得到的每个类型和接口,调用 postSingleEventForEventType 函数发布每个事件到每个订阅者。

    postSingleEventForEventType 函数在subscriptionsByEventType查找该事件订阅者订阅者队列,调用 postToSubscription 函数向每个订阅者发布事件。

    postToSubscription 函数中会判断订阅者的 ThreadMode,从而决定在什么 Mode 下执行事件响应函数。

    ThreadMode

    1. PostThread:默认的 ThreadMode,表示在执行 Post 操作的线程直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法,不论该线程是否为主线程(UI 线程)。当该线程为主线程时,响应方法中不能有耗时操作,否则有卡主线程的风险。适用场景:对于是否在主线程执行无要求,但若 Post 线程为主线程,不能耗时的操作
    2. MainThread:在主线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程就是主线程,则直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法,否则通过主线程的 Handler 发送消息在主线程中处理——调用订阅者的事件响应函数。显然,MainThread类的方法也不能有耗时操作,以避免卡主线程。适用场景:必须在主线程执行的操作
    3. BackgroundThread:在后台线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程不是主线程,则直接调用订阅者的事件响应函数,否则启动唯一的后台线程去处理。由于后台线程是唯一的,当事件超过一个的时候,它们会被放在队列中依次执行,因此该类响应方法虽然没有PostThread类和MainThread类方法对性能敏感,但最好不要有重度耗时的操作或太频繁的轻度耗时操作,以造成其他操作等待。适用场景:操作轻微耗时且不会过于频繁,即一般的耗时操作都可以放在这里;
    4. Async:不论发布线程是否为主线程,都使用一个空闲线程来处理。和BackgroundThread不同的是,Async类的所有线程是相互独立的,因此不会出现卡线程的问题。适用场景:长耗时操作,例如网络访问

    我是天王盖地虎的分割线

    dependencies {
        compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
        compile 'de.greenrobot:eventbus:3.0.0-beta1'
    }
    

    Android -- EventBus使用: http://www.cnblogs.com/yydcdut/p/4290846.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yydcdut/p/4651208.html
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