Oracle 12c的可插拔数据库PDB

1. 默认安装之后会有一个可插拔数据库：pdborcl

2. 启动根容器：

   [oracle@eric ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl

   [oracle@eric ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jan 21 16:00:06 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup -----不会直接启动所有可插拔数据库，如需启动所有可插拔数据库，执行命令：alter pluggable database all open

ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 767557632 bytes
Fixed Size 2929112 bytes
Variable Size 574623272 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 5455872 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

3. 停止根容器：
SQL> shutdown immediate 
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

4. 查看是否创建了CDB，如果有显示名字:
SQL> select name,cdb from v$database;
NAME CDB
--------- ---
ORCL YES

SQL> show parameter service;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names string orcl

5. 查看容器名字，其中有3个容器：根容器、种子容器和自己创建的容器:

SQL> select con_id,name from v$containers;

CON_ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
1 CDB$ROOT ---根容器
2 PDB$SEED ---种子容器，只可读
3 PDBORCL ---自己创建的可插拔数据库

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files; 
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bch07kvz_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bch020oo_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bch0d2on_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bch0d15n_.dbf

SQL> select file_name from cdb_data_files;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_bch07kvz_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bch020oo_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bch0d2on_.dbf
/oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_bch0d15n_.dbf

6. 创建公共用户：

SQL> create user c##eric identified by gao;
User created.
SQL> conn c##eric/gao 
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user C##ERIC lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied ----没有权限，我们可以单独给其赋予权限，也可以给其指定角色。
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> grant dba to c##eric container=all; ---给其DBA角色，角色范围覆盖所有的容器
Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn c##eric/gao
Connected. ---连接成功

7. 切换容器：

首先启动自己创建的容器数据库：
SQL> alter pluggable database pdborcl open; ---首先启动PDB数据库

SQL> alter session set container = pdborcl;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name ---查看当前所在的容器名
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL

关闭可插拔数据库：
SQL> alter pluggable database pdborcl close immediate;
Pluggable database altered.

8.  配置连接pdborcl：

手动添加pdborcl的tns项:
 PDBORCL =

(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = pdborcl)
)
)

只需要将SERVICE_NAME=pdborcl

使用的时候需要手动启动可插拔库，同时这里的可插拔库这种配置方式只有谁用Service的方式启动，而不是SID；

9. 例子数据库：hr

alter user hr account unlock;  --解锁

alter user hr identified by hr;  -- 改密码

之后就可以使用hr用户进行登录了；

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