django 项目需要注意的一些点

1.创建新项目    把静态文件夹的名字放在settings文件里面

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static")
]

2.创建表的时候User表继承AbstractUser时  settings文件要加上

AUTH_USER_MODEL="app01.UserInfo"

class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatar/', default="avatar/default.png")
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
    img = models.CharField(max_length=128,default='/static/img/default.gif')
    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

 3.若是用的mysql数据库则在跟项目名同名的文件夹中的init文件加上下面这句话

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

 

并且在settings文件中修改DATADASES的信息 比如：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME':'blog',   # 要连接的数据库，连接前需要创建好
        'USER':'root',# 连接数据库的用户名
        'PASSWORD':'', # 连接数据库的密码
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',# 连接主机，默认本级
        'PORT':3306 #  端口 默认3306
    }
}

 4.在有form表单时，想通过点击事件发送ajax请求，这时候切记把type写成button

 5.自己写的中间件记得在settings中注册

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'app01.middlewares.MD2',   # 记得注册
          
]

6.如何在Django项目中写个脚本来做测试，比如我们最常做的写脚本测试自己的ORM查询对不对。

这时候我们就要仿照项目中的manage.py 文件来写自己的脚本 

那我们呢不妨先来看看manage.py的写法

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "about_drf.settings")
    try:
        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    except ImportError:
        # The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the
        # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other
        # exceptions on Python 2.
        try:
            import django
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError(
                "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
                "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
                "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
            )
        raise
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

那我们就来仿照写一个check_test.py

import os

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "about_drf.settings")
    import django
    django.setup()
　　#######上面时固定格式下面开始写脚本##########
    from app01 import models    #这里一定把models引用过来，这样可以拿到表结构，然后做查询
    import datetime

 
    query_set = models.Article.objects.all().values("id", "title", "create_time", "type", "school__name")
    
    obj = models.Article.objects.first()