Python网络编程——SocketServer基础

SocketServer

The socketserver module simplifies the task of writing network servers.

There are four basic concrete server classes:

class socketserver.TCPServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)

This uses the Internet TCP protocol, which provides for continuous streams of data between the client and server. If bind_and_activate is true, the constructor automatically attempts to invoke server_bind() andserver_activate(). The other parameters are passed to the BaseServer base class.

class socketserver.UDPServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)

This uses datagrams, which are discrete packets of information that may arrive out of order or be lost while in transit. The parameters are the same as for TCPServer.

class socketserver.UnixStreamServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)

class socketserver.UnixDatagramServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass,bind_and_activate=True)

These more infrequently used classes are similar to the TCP and UDP classes, but use Unix domain sockets; they’re not available on non-Unix platforms. The parameters are the same as for TCPServer.

These four classes process requests synchronously; each request must be completed before the next request can be started. This isn’t suitable if each request takes a long time to complete, because it requires a lot of computation, or because it returns a lot of data which the client is slow to process. The solution is to create a separate process or thread to handle each request; the ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes can be used to support asynchronous behaviour.

There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent synchronous servers of four types:

+------------+
| BaseServer |
+------------+
      |
      v
+-----------+        +------------------+
| TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
+-----------+        +------------------+
      |
      v
+-----------+        +--------------------+
| UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
+-----------+        +--------------------+

Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from UnixStreamServer — the only difference between an IP and a Unix stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both Unix server classes.

class socketserver.ForkingMixIn

class socketserver.ThreadingMixIn

Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created using these mix-in classes. For instance, ThreadingUDPServer is created as follows:

class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer):
    pass

The mix-in class comes first, since it overrides a method defined in UDPServer. Setting the various attributes also changes the behavior of the underlying server mechanism.

class socketserver.ForkingTCPServer

class socketserver.ForkingUDPServer

class socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer

class socketserver.ThreadingUDPServer

These classes are pre-defined using the mix-in classes.

Request Handler Objects

class socketserver.BaseRequestHandler

This is the superclass of all request handler objects. It defines the interface, given below. A concrete request handler subclass must define a new handle() method, and can override any of the other methods. A new instance of the subclass is created for each request.

setup()

Called before the handle() method to perform any initialization actions required. The default implementation does nothing.

handle()

This function must do all the work required to service a request. The default implementation does nothing. Several instance attributes are available to it; the request is available as self.request; the client address as self.client_address; and the server instance as self.server, in case it needs access to per-server information.

The type of self.request is different for datagram or stream services. For stream services,self.request is a socket object; for datagram services, self.request is a pair of string and socket.

finish()

Called after the handle() method to perform any clean-up actions required. The default implementation does nothing. If setup() raises an exception, this function will not be called.

 server端

import socketserver
 
class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
    """
    The request handler class for our server.
 
    It is instantiated once per connection to the server, and must
    override the handle() method to implement communication to the
    client.
    """
 
    def handle(self):
        # self.request is the TCP socket connected to the client
        self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()
        print("{} wrote:".format(self.client_address[0]))
        print(self.data)
        # just send back the same data, but upper-cased
        self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
 
    # Create the server, binding to localhost on port 9999
    server = socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler)
 
    # Activate the server; this will keep running until you
    # interrupt the program with Ctrl-C
    server.serve_forever()

 client端

import socket
import sys
 
HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
data = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
 
# Create a socket (SOCK_STREAM means a TCP socket)
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
 
try:
    # Connect to server and send data
    sock.connect((HOST, PORT))
    sock.sendall(bytes(data + "
", "utf-8"))
 
    # Receive data from the server and shut down
    received = str(sock.recv(1024), "utf-8")
finally:
    sock.close()
 
print("Sent:     {}".format(data))
print("Received: {}".format(received))

上面这个例子你会发现，依然不能实现多并发，哈哈，在server端做一下更改就可以了

把

1	server = socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler)

改成

1	server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler)