Python3+selenium环境配置

一、所需工具

1、Python3.6安装包

2、Selenium安装包（selenium-server-standalone-3.8），如果是Python3的话可以不用下载selenium压缩包，Python3有自带的，直接输入命令安装即可

3、Chromedriver驱动（Chromedriver2.3）

4、Firefox驱动（geckodriver0.18）

5、Chrome浏览器（chrome v.59）

6、Firefox浏览器（Firefox v.54）

7、Pycharm

二、工具安装

1、安装Python，安装完设置环境变量(将Python安装路径放入path下)

2、selenium安装：cmd首先进入E:PythonScripts目录下，然后输入pip install -U selenium，等待安装完成即可

3、pip安装：将pip工具包解压到指定盘，cmd命令进入该盘下，输入命令python setup.py install；再切换到E:PythonScripts 目录下输入E:PythonScripts > easy_install pip

4、setuptools安装：将setuptools工具包解压到指定盘里，进入cmd,执行python ez_install.py即可

5、将下载好的Chromedriver和geckodriver驱动放到Python安装路径下

注意：Chromedriver和geckodriver驱动一定要和电脑上的浏览器版本对应，否则代码运行会报错

Chromedriver和chrome浏览器对应版本

代码：

from selenium import webdriver
import time
# browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser=webdriver.Firefox()


url='http://www.baidu.com'

#通过get方法获取当前url打印
print("now access %s" %(url))
browser.get(url)

time.sleep(2)
browser.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='kw']").send_keys('Selenium')
browser.find_element_by_id('su').click()
# browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[value$='下']")
time.sleep(3)
print("成功搜索")
browser.quit()

　　以上代码如果能正常运行说明环境配置成功

ps:

以下三个问题是安装过程中常遇到的坑

遇到第一个坑：'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH

1.如果启动浏览器过程中报如下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverfirefoxwebdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdrivercommonservice.py", line 81, in start
    os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

2.这个是因为最新的selenium3.0启动firefox需要geckodriver.exe这个驱动文件。

3.下载之后，配置到环境变量path下（可以直接放python根目录）

六、遇到第二坑：Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location

1.如果启动浏览器过程中报如下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverfirefoxwebdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py", line 238, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emoteerrorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line

2.这个是因为firefox.exe这个文件也需要配置到环境变量path下

3.这个路径就是安装完firefox后，找到firefox.exe这个文件的地址，加到path下

七、遇到第三坑：Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3

1.如果启动浏览器过程中出现如下错误

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriverfirefoxwebdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py", line 238, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D: estpython3libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emoteerrorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3

2.这个错误原因是firefox版本过低了，最新的selenium3.0版本支持firefox47以上的版本，升级版本就可以了

这三个坑的解释是转载自：https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/6581055.html