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  • 闭包函数和装饰器(待补充)

    #闭包函数:函数内部定义函数,成为内部函数,
    #该内部函数包含对外部作用域,而不是对全局作用域名字的引用
    #那么该内部函数成为闭包函数
    
    
    # name='alex'
    # def func():
    #     name='egon'
    #     def bar():
    #         print(name)
    #     return bar
    # b=func()
    # print(b)
    
    
    
    # def foo():
    #     name='ssssss'
    #     b()
    # foo()
    
    
    # name='alex'
    # def func():
    #     name='egon'
    #     x=1000000000000000000000
    #     def bar():
    #         print(name)
    #         print(x)
    #         a=1
    #         b=2
    #     return bar
    #
    # f=func()
    # print(f())
    # print(f.__closure__[0].cell_contents)
    # print(f.__closure__[1].cell_contents)
    
    
    # name='alex'
    # def func():
    #     name='egon'
    #     x=1000000000000000000000
    #     def bar():
    #         print(name)
    #         print(x)
    #         a=1
    #         b=2
    #     print(bar.__closure__)#能打印出值就是闭包函数
    # func()
    
    #闭包函数:1 内部函数  2 包含对外部作用域而非全局作用域的引用
    #闭包函数的特点:
        # 自带作用域
        # 延迟计算
    # name='alex'
    # def func():
    #     def bar():
    #         print(name)
    #     return bar
    # f=func()
    # print(f.__closure__)
    # f()
    
    
    
    # money=1000
    # def tell_ino(name):
    #     print('%s have money %s' %(name,money))
    # tell_ino('egon')
    #
    # def f1():
    #     money=10
    #     tell_ino('egon')
    # f1()
    
    
    #包一层
    # def wrapper():
    #     money=1000
    #     def tell_info():
    #         print('egon have money %s' %(money))
    #     return tell_info
    #
    # tell_info=wrapper()
    #
    # def foo():
    #     money=100
    #     tell_info()
    # foo()
    
    
    #包两层
    # def aaa():
    #     name='egon'
    #     def wrapper():
    #         money=1000
    #         def tell_info():
    #             print('egon have money %s' %(money))
    #             print('my namn is %s' %name)
    #         return tell_info
    #     return wrapper
    #
    # w=aaa()
    # tell_info=w()
    # print(tell_info.__closure__[0].cell_contents)
    # print(tell_info.__closure__[1].cell_contents)
    
    
    '''
    报错NameError: name 'money' is not defined
    
    原因:
        函数的作用域关系在函数定义阶段就已经固定,与调用位置无关
        无论函数在何处调用,都需要回到定义阶段去找对应的作用域关系
        此例:虽然tell_info('egon')是在foo内调用并且引用money,但仍需要回到定义
        tell_info的阶段去找作用域关系,而定义时tell_info引用的money就是全局的money
        如果全局不存在则抛出异常NameError
    
    '''
    
    
    #定义闭包函数的基本形式
    # def 外部函数名():
    #     内部函数需要的变量
    #     def 内部函数():
    #         引用外部变量
    #     return 内部函数
    
    # def deco():
    #     x=1
    #     def wrapper():
    #         print(x)
    #     return wrapper
    # wrapper=deco()
    # print(wrapper)
    
    
    # def wrapper():
    #     print(x)
    #     print(y)
    
    # def deco1():
    #     y=2
    #     def deco():
    #         x=1
    #         def wrapper():
    #             print(x)
    #             print(y)
    #         return wrapper
    #     return deco
    # deco=deco1()
    #
    # wrapper=deco()
    #
    # wrapper()
    
    
    # from urllib.request import urlopen
    # print(urlopen('http://www.xiaohua100.cn/').read())
    # print(urlopen('https://www.python.org').read())
    
    # def get(url):
    #     return urlopen(url).read()
    # print(get('http://www.xiaohua100.cn/'))
    
    # def index(url):
    #     # url='http://www.xiaohua100.cn/'
    #     def get():
    #         return urlopen(url).read()
    #     return get
    # xiaohua=index('http://www.xiaohua100.cn/')
    # python=index('https://www.python.org')
    # baidu=index('http://www.baidu.com')
    # print(python())

    装饰器

    '''
    一:开放封闭原则,对扩展是开放的,对修改是封闭的
    二:装饰器,装饰器本质可以任意可调用对象,被装饰的对象也可以是任意
        可调用对象,
        装饰器的功能是:
            在不修改被装饰对象源代码以及调用方式的前提下为期添加新功能
            原则:
                1.不修改源代码
                2.不修改调用方法
            目标:添加新功能
    '''
    # import time
    # import random
    # #装饰器
    # def timmer(func):
    #     # func=index
    #     def wrapper():
    #         start_time = time.time()
    #         func() #index()
    #         stop_time=time.time()
    #         print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
    #     return wrapper
    # #被装饰函数
    # def index():
    #     time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
    #     print('welecome to index page')
    #
    # def home():
    #     time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
    #     print('welecome to HOME page')
    #
    # index=timmer(index) #index=wrapper
    # home=timmer(home)
    #
    # index() #wrapper()
    # home()
    
    
    
    #装饰器的语法:在被装饰对象的正上方的单独一行,@装饰器名字
    # import time
    # import random
    # #装饰器
    # def timmer(func):
    #     def wrapper():
    #         start_time = time.time()
    #         func()
    #         stop_time=time.time()
    #         print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
    #     return wrapper
    # #被装饰函数
    # @timmer #index=timmer(index)
    # def index():
    #     time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
    #     print('welecome to index page')
    # @timmer #home=timmer(home)
    # def home():
    #     time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
    #     print('welecome to HOME page')
    #
    # index() #wrapper()
    # # home()
    
    
    
    #加多个装饰器
    import time
    import random
    #装饰器
    #统计时间功能
    # def timmer(func):
    #     def wrapper():
    #         start_time = time.time()
    #         func()#index()
    #         stop_time=time.time()
    #         print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
    #     return wrapper
    #认证功能
    # def auth(func):
    #     def deco():
    #         name=input('name: ')
    #         password=input('password: ')
    #         if name == 'egon' and password == '123':
    #             print('login successful')
    #             func() #wrapper()
    #         else:
    #             print('login err')
    #     return deco
    
    #被装饰函数
    # @auth #index=auth(wrapper) #index=deco
    # @timmer #index=timmer(index) #index=wrapper
    # def index():
    #     time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
    #     time.sleep(3)
    #     print('welecome to index page')
    #
    # def home():
    #     time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
    #     print('welecome to HOME page')
    
    # index() #deco()
    # home()
    
    
    
    
    #装饰器修订
    import time
    import random
    #装饰器
    def timmer(func):
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            start_time = time.time()
            res=func(*args,**kwargs)
            stop_time=time.time()
            print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
            return res
        return wrapper
    #被装饰函数
    
    @timmer
    def index():
        time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
        print('welecome to index page')
    @timmer
    def home(name):
        time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
        print('welecome to %s HOME page' %name)
        return 123123123123123123123123123123123123123123
    
    index()
    
    
    res1=index()
    print('index return %s' %res1)
    res2=home('egon') #wraper()
    print('home return %s' %res2)
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/z-x-y/p/7021617.html
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