#闭包函数:函数内部定义函数,成为内部函数,
#该内部函数包含对外部作用域,而不是对全局作用域名字的引用
#那么该内部函数成为闭包函数
# name='alex'
# def func():
# name='egon'
# def bar():
# print(name)
# return bar
# b=func()
# print(b)
# def foo():
# name='ssssss'
# b()
# foo()
# name='alex'
# def func():
# name='egon'
# x=1000000000000000000000
# def bar():
# print(name)
# print(x)
# a=1
# b=2
# return bar
#
# f=func()
# print(f())
# print(f.__closure__[0].cell_contents)
# print(f.__closure__[1].cell_contents)
# name='alex'
# def func():
# name='egon'
# x=1000000000000000000000
# def bar():
# print(name)
# print(x)
# a=1
# b=2
# print(bar.__closure__)#能打印出值就是闭包函数
# func()
#闭包函数:1 内部函数 2 包含对外部作用域而非全局作用域的引用
#闭包函数的特点:
# 自带作用域
# 延迟计算
# name='alex'
# def func():
# def bar():
# print(name)
# return bar
# f=func()
# print(f.__closure__)
# f()
# money=1000
# def tell_ino(name):
# print('%s have money %s' %(name,money))
# tell_ino('egon')
#
# def f1():
# money=10
# tell_ino('egon')
# f1()
#包一层
# def wrapper():
# money=1000
# def tell_info():
# print('egon have money %s' %(money))
# return tell_info
#
# tell_info=wrapper()
#
# def foo():
# money=100
# tell_info()
# foo()
#包两层
# def aaa():
# name='egon'
# def wrapper():
# money=1000
# def tell_info():
# print('egon have money %s' %(money))
# print('my namn is %s' %name)
# return tell_info
# return wrapper
#
# w=aaa()
# tell_info=w()
# print(tell_info.__closure__[0].cell_contents)
# print(tell_info.__closure__[1].cell_contents)
'''
报错NameError: name 'money' is not defined
原因:
函数的作用域关系在函数定义阶段就已经固定,与调用位置无关
无论函数在何处调用,都需要回到定义阶段去找对应的作用域关系
此例:虽然tell_info('egon')是在foo内调用并且引用money,但仍需要回到定义
tell_info的阶段去找作用域关系,而定义时tell_info引用的money就是全局的money
如果全局不存在则抛出异常NameError
'''
#定义闭包函数的基本形式
# def 外部函数名():
# 内部函数需要的变量
# def 内部函数():
# 引用外部变量
# return 内部函数
# def deco():
# x=1
# def wrapper():
# print(x)
# return wrapper
# wrapper=deco()
# print(wrapper)
# def wrapper():
# print(x)
# print(y)
# def deco1():
# y=2
# def deco():
# x=1
# def wrapper():
# print(x)
# print(y)
# return wrapper
# return deco
# deco=deco1()
#
# wrapper=deco()
#
# wrapper()
# from urllib.request import urlopen
# print(urlopen('http://www.xiaohua100.cn/').read())
# print(urlopen('https://www.python.org').read())
# def get(url):
# return urlopen(url).read()
# print(get('http://www.xiaohua100.cn/'))
# def index(url):
# # url='http://www.xiaohua100.cn/'
# def get():
# return urlopen(url).read()
# return get
# xiaohua=index('http://www.xiaohua100.cn/')
# python=index('https://www.python.org')
# baidu=index('http://www.baidu.com')
# print(python())
装饰器
'''
一:开放封闭原则,对扩展是开放的,对修改是封闭的
二:装饰器,装饰器本质可以任意可调用对象,被装饰的对象也可以是任意
可调用对象,
装饰器的功能是:
在不修改被装饰对象源代码以及调用方式的前提下为期添加新功能
原则:
1.不修改源代码
2.不修改调用方法
目标:添加新功能
'''
# import time
# import random
# #装饰器
# def timmer(func):
# # func=index
# def wrapper():
# start_time = time.time()
# func() #index()
# stop_time=time.time()
# print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
# return wrapper
# #被装饰函数
# def index():
# time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
# print('welecome to index page')
#
# def home():
# time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
# print('welecome to HOME page')
#
# index=timmer(index) #index=wrapper
# home=timmer(home)
#
# index() #wrapper()
# home()
#装饰器的语法:在被装饰对象的正上方的单独一行,@装饰器名字
# import time
# import random
# #装饰器
# def timmer(func):
# def wrapper():
# start_time = time.time()
# func()
# stop_time=time.time()
# print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
# return wrapper
# #被装饰函数
# @timmer #index=timmer(index)
# def index():
# time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
# print('welecome to index page')
# @timmer #home=timmer(home)
# def home():
# time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
# print('welecome to HOME page')
#
# index() #wrapper()
# # home()
#加多个装饰器
import time
import random
#装饰器
#统计时间功能
# def timmer(func):
# def wrapper():
# start_time = time.time()
# func()#index()
# stop_time=time.time()
# print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
# return wrapper
#认证功能
# def auth(func):
# def deco():
# name=input('name: ')
# password=input('password: ')
# if name == 'egon' and password == '123':
# print('login successful')
# func() #wrapper()
# else:
# print('login err')
# return deco
#被装饰函数
# @auth #index=auth(wrapper) #index=deco
# @timmer #index=timmer(index) #index=wrapper
# def index():
# time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
# time.sleep(3)
# print('welecome to index page')
#
# def home():
# time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
# print('welecome to HOME page')
# index() #deco()
# home()
#装饰器修订
import time
import random
#装饰器
def timmer(func):
def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
start_time = time.time()
res=func(*args,**kwargs)
stop_time=time.time()
print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
return res
return wrapper
#被装饰函数
@timmer
def index():
time.sleep(random.randrange(1,5))
print('welecome to index page')
@timmer
def home(name):
time.sleep(random.randrange(1,3))
print('welecome to %s HOME page' %name)
return 123123123123123123123123123123123123123123
index()
res1=index()
print('index return %s' %res1)
res2=home('egon') #wraper()
print('home return %s' %res2)