Nginx 完整例子详解 + 实战

下面这份实例来自 Nginx 官方配置。

#!nginx
: # 使用的用户和组
: user  www www;
: # 指定工作衍生进程数
: worker_processes  2;
: # 指定 pid 存放的路径
: pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

: # [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ] 
: # 可以在下方直接使用 [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]  参数
: error_log  /var/log/nginx.error_log  info;

: events {
: # 允许的连接数
: connections   2000;
: # use [ kqueue | rtsig | epoll | /dev/poll | select | poll ] ;
: # 具体内容查看 http://wiki.codemongers.com/事件模型
: use kqueue;
: }

: http {
: include       conf/mime.types;
: default_type  application/octet-stream;

: log_format main      '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  '
: '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
: '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
: '"$gzip_ratio"';

: log_format download  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  '
: '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
: '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
: '"$http_range" "$sent_http_content_range"';

: client_header_timeout  3m;
: client_body_timeout    3m;
: send_timeout           3m;

: client_header_buffer_size    1k;
: large_client_header_buffers  4 4k;

: gzip on;
: gzip_min_length  1100;
: gzip_buffers     4 8k;
: gzip_types       text/plain;

: output_buffers   1 32k;
: postpone_output  1460;

: sendfile         on;
: tcp_nopush       on;
: tcp_nodelay      on;
: send_lowat       12000;

: keepalive_timeout  75 20;

: #lingering_time     30;
: #lingering_timeout  10;
: #reset_timedout_connection  on;


: server {
: listen        one.example.com;
: server_name   one.example.com  www.one.example.com;

: access_log   /var/log/nginx.access_log  main;

: location / {
: proxy_pass         http://127.0.0.1/;
: proxy_redirect     off;

: proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
: proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
: #proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

: client_max_body_size       10m;
: client_body_buffer_size    128k;

: client_body_temp_path      /var/nginx/client_body_temp;

: proxy_connect_timeout      90;
: proxy_send_timeout         90;
: proxy_read_timeout         90;
: proxy_send_lowat           12000;

: proxy_buffer_size          4k;
: proxy_buffers              4 32k;
: proxy_busy_buffers_size    64k;
: proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

: proxy_temp_path            /var/nginx/proxy_temp;

: charset  koi8-r;
: }

: error_page  404  /404.html;

: location /404.html {
: root  /spool/www;

: charset         on;
: source_charset  koi8-r;
: }

: location /old_stuff/ {
: rewrite   ^/old_stuff/(.*)$  /new_stuff/$1  permanent;
: }

: location /download/ {

: valid_referers  none  blocked  server_names  *.example.com;

: if ($invalid_referer) {
: #rewrite   ^/   http://www.example.com/;
: return   403;
: }

: #rewrite_log  on;

: # rewrite /download/*/mp3/*.any_ext to /download/*/mp3/*.mp3
: rewrite ^/(download/.*)/mp3/(.*)..*$
: /$1/mp3/$2.mp3                   break;

: root         /spool/www;
: #autoindex    on;
: access_log   /var/log/nginx-download.access_log  download;
: }

: location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif)$ {
: root         /spool/www;
: access_log   off;
: expires      30d;
: }
: }
: }

下面这部分是摘自服务器上配置（修改后的版本）。我们来看一下详细配置。

user nginx; # 设置使用的用户和组
worker_processes auto; # 指定工作进程数
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; # 指定错误日志位置
pid /run/nginx.pid; # 指定 pid 存放的路径

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; # 配置多站点

events {
    worker_connections 1024; # 允许的连接数
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main; # 访问日志

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server; 
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html; # 静态页面位置

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / { # 匹配所有以 / 开头的请求
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html; # 404 页面
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
        location /api/ { # 请求为/api/ 时
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8085/;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
        location /dce/ {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8082/;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
        location /eo/ {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8087/;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }

接下来，我们看一下配置。

1）查看系统 Nginx 用户。

2）查看系统CPU数量。

3）查看pid。

4）多站点配置。