构造函数、原型链:
function Person(name, age, job) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.job = job; // this.sayName = function () { // console.log(this.name); // }; Person.prototype.sayName = function () { console.log(this.name); } } var p1 = new Person('Jesse', 18, 'coder'); var p2 = new Person('Carol', 17, 'designer'); console.log(p1.sayName==p2.sayName); //this.sayName = function () {} // false // console.log(p1.sayName==p2.sayName); //Person.prototype.sayName = function () {} // true console.log(p1.sayName()); //console.log(name); // Carol // console.log(p1.sayName()); //console.log(this.name); // Jesse
数组方法:
//push() 添加一个或多个元素到数组的末尾 返回数组新的长度(length ) 改变原数组 var sports = ["soccer", "baseball"]; var total = sports.push("football", "swimming"); console.log(sports); // ["soccer", "baseball", "football", "swimming"] console.log(total); // 4 //pop() 删除一个数组中的最后的一个元素 返回这个元素 改变原数组 var myFish = ["angel", "clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"]; console.log("myFish before: " + myFish); var popped = myFish.pop(); console.log("myFish after: " + myFish); console.log("Removed this element: " + popped);
//unshift() 在数组的开头添加一个或者多个元素 返回数组新的 length 值 改变原数组 var arr = [1, 2]; arr.unshift(0); //result of call is 3, the new array length //arr is [0, 1, 2] arr.unshift(-2, -1); // = 5 //arr is [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2] arr.unshift( [-3] ); //arr is [[-3], -2, -1, 0, 1, 2] //shift() 删除数组的 第一个 元素 返回这个元素 改变原数组 var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'surgeon']; console.log('调用 shift 之前: ' + myFish); // "调用 shift 之前: angel,clown,mandarin,surgeon" var shifted = myFish.shift(); console.log('调用 shift 之后: ' + myFish); // "调用 shift 之后: clown,mandarin,surgeon" console.log('被删除的元素: ' + shifted); // "被删除的元素: angel"
//slice() 浅复制(shallow copy)数组的一部分到一个新的数组 返回这个新数组 不改变原数组
//如果该元素是个对象引用 (不是实际的对象),slice会拷贝这个对象引用到新的数组里。两个对象引用都引用了同一个对象。如果被引用的对象发生改变,则新的和原来的数组中的这个元素也会发生改变。
//对于字符串、数字及布尔值来说 会拷贝这些值到新的数组里。在别的数组里修改这些字符串或数字或是布尔值,将不会影响另一个数组。
//如果向两个数组任一中添加了新元素,则另一个不会受到影响。
//在下例中, slice从myCar中创建了一个新数组newCar.两个数组都包含了一个myHonda对象的引用. 当myHonda的color属性改变为purple, 则两个数组中的对应元素都会随之改变. // 使用slice方法从myCar中创建一个newCar. var myHonda = { color: "red", wheels: 4, engine: { cylinders: 4, size: 2.2 } }; var myCar = [myHonda, 2, "cherry condition", "purchased 1997"]; var newCar = myCar.slice(0, 2); // 输出myCar, newCar,以及各自的myHonda对象引用的color属性. print("myCar = " + myCar.toSource()); print("newCar = " + newCar.toSource()); print("myCar[0].color = " + myCar[0].color); print("newCar[0].color = " + newCar[0].color); // 改变myHonda对象的color属性. myHonda.color = "purple"; print("The new color of my Honda is " + myHonda.color); //输出myCar, newCar中各自的myHonda对象引用的color属性. print("myCar[0].color = " + myCar[0].color); print("newCar[0].color = " + newCar[0].color);
//splice() 用新元素替换旧元素,以此修改数组的内容 返回被删除的元素 改变原数组 var myFish = ["angel", "clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"]; //从第 2 位开始删除 0 个元素,插入 "drum" var removed = myFish.splice(2, 0, "drum"); //运算后的 myFish:["angel", "clown", "drum", "mandarin", "surgeon"] //被删除元素数组:[],没有元素被删除 //从第 3 位开始删除 1 个元素 removed = myFish.splice(3, 1); //运算后的myFish:["angel", "clown", "drum", "surgeon"] //被删除元素数组:["mandarin"] //从第 2 位开始删除 1 个元素,然后插入 "trumpet" removed = myFish.splice(2, 1, "trumpet"); //运算后的myFish: ["angel", "clown", "trumpet", "surgeon"] //被删除元素数组:["drum"] //从第 0 位开始删除 2 个元素,然后插入 "parrot", "anemone" 和 "blue" removed = myFish.splice(0, 2, "parrot", "anemone", "blue"); //运算后的myFish:["parrot", "anemone", "blue", "trumpet", "surgeon"] //被删除元素的数组:["angel", "clown"] //从第 3 位开始删除 2 个元素 removed = myFish.splice(3, Number.MAX_VALUE); //运算后的myFish: ["parrot", "anemone", "blue"] //被删除元素的数组:["trumpet", "surgeon"]
//concat() 将传入的数组或非数组值与原数组合并,组成一个新的数组并返回. 不修改原数组 var alpha = ["a", "b", "c"]; var numeric = [1, 2, 3]; // 组成新数组 ["a", "b", "c", 1, 2, 3]; 原数组 alpha 和 numeric 未被修改 var alphaNumeric = alpha.concat(numeric); var num1 = [1, 2, 3]; var num2 = [4, 5, 6]; var num3 = [7, 8, 9]; // 组成新数组[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]; 原数组 num1, num2, num3 未被修改 var nums = num1.concat(num2, num3); var alpha = ['a', 'b', 'c']; // 组成新数组 ["a", "b", "c", 1, 2, 3], 原alpha数组未被修改 var alphaNumeric = alpha.concat(1, [2, 3]);
// join() 将数组中的所有元素连接成一个字符串 不修改原数组 var a = ['Wind', 'Rain', 'Fire']; var myVar1 = a.join(); // myVar1的值变为"Wind,Rain,Fire" var myVar2 = a.join(', '); // myVar2的值变为"Wind, Rain, Fire" var myVar3 = a.join(' + '); // myVar3的值变为"Wind + Rain + Fire" var myVar4 = a.join(''); // myVar4的值变为"WindRainFire"
//filter() 使用指定的函数测试所有元素,并创建一个包含所有通过测试的元素的新数组 function isBigEnough(element) { return element >= 10; } var filtered = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44].filter(isBigEnough); // filtered is [12, 130, 44]
//indexOf() 返回给定元素能找在数组中找到的第一个索引值,否则返回-1 var array = [2, 5, 9]; array.indexOf(2); // 0 array.indexOf(7); // -1 array.indexOf(9, 2); // 2 array.indexOf(2, -1); // -1 array.indexOf(2, -3); // 0 var indices = []; var array = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'd']; var element = 'a'; var idx = array.indexOf(element); while (idx != -1) { indices.push(idx); idx = array.indexOf(element, idx + 1); } console.log(indices); // [0, 2, 4] function updateVegetablesCollection (veggies, veggie) { if (veggies.indexOf(veggie) === -1) { veggies.push(veggie); console.log('New veggies collection is : ' + veggies); } else if (veggies.indexOf(veggie) > -1) { console.log(veggie + ' already exists in the veggies collection.'); } } var veggies = ['potato', 'tomato', 'chillies', 'green-pepper']; // New veggies collection is : potato,tomato,chillies,green-papper,spinach updateVegetablesCollection(veggies, 'spinach'); // spinach already exists in the veggies collection. updateVegetablesCollection(veggies, 'spinach');
//reverse() 颠倒数组中元素的位置。第一个元素会成为最后一个,最后一个会成为第一个 改变原数组 var myArray = ['one', 'two', 'three']; myArray.reverse(); console.log(myArray) // ['three', 'two', 'one']