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asp.net core signalR

一、asp.net core使用signalR入门

1，nuget Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR

2，新建ChatHub文件

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SignalRDemo
{
    public class ChatHub:Hub
    {
        public async Task SendMessage(string user,string message)
        {
            await Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage",user,message);
        }
        
    }
}

ChatHub

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;

namespace SignalRDemo
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();

          
            services.AddSignalR();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }

            app.UseStaticFiles();


          
            app.UseSignalR(routes=>{
                routes.MapHub<ChatHub>("/chathub");
            });
        
            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
    }
}

配置Startup

3，生成signalr.js文件

使用npm下载signalr D:signalr> npm install @aspnet/signalr

将 D:signalr ode_modules@aspnetsignalrdistrowsersignalr.js 拷贝到项目中 SignalRDemowwwrootlibsignalrsignalr.js

4，在视图页面使用

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Home Page";
}


<input type="text" name="" id="message" class="form-control" value="" required="required" pattern="" title="">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="send" >发送</button>


<div id="content"></div>

@section Scripts{

    <script src="~/lib/signalr/signalr.js"></script>
    <script>
        const connection=new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
                            .withUrl("/chatHub")
                            .build();

        connection.on("ReceiveMessage",(use,message)=>{
            $("#content").append(message+"<br/>");
        });

        connection.start().catch(err=>{alert(err)});

        $("#send").click(function(){
            var msg= $("#message").val();
            connection.invoke("SendMessage","",msg).catch(err=>{alert(err)})
        });

</script>
}

Index.cshtml

案例下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1FEgPEbPZOribtYnLv-XCNQ

二、前后端分离模式

1，前端代码

<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>


<input type="text" name="" id="message" class="form-control" value="" required="required" pattern="" title="">

<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="send" >发送</button>


<div id="content"></div>


<script src="js/jquery.js" ></script>
<script src="js/signalr.js"></script>
<script>
    const connection=new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
                            .withUrl("http://localhost:5000/chatHub")
                            .build();

        connection.on("ReceiveMessage",(use,message)=>{
            $("#content").append(message+"<br/>");
        });

        connection.start().catch(err=>{alert(err)});

        $("#send").click(function(){
            var msg= $("#message").val();
            connection.invoke("SendMessage","",msg).catch(err=>{alert(err)})
        });
</script>
</body>
</html>

index.html

使用npm下载signalr

2，后端需要配置cors

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;

namespace SignalRDemo
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc();

            //注册Cors的策略
            services.AddCors(options=>options.AddPolicy("CorsPolicy",builder=>{
                builder.AllowAnyMethod()
                       .AllowAnyHeader()
                       .AllowAnyOrigin()
                       .AllowCredentials();
            }));

            services.AddSignalR();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }

            app.UseStaticFiles();


            //使用CorsPolicy策略的Cors
            app.UseCors("CorsPolicy");

            app.UseSignalR(routes=>{
                routes.MapHub<ChatHub>("/chathub");
            });
        
            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
    }
}

Startup

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SignalRDemo
{
    public class ChatHub:Hub
    {
        public async Task SendMessage(string user,string message)
        {
            await Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage",user,message);
        }
        
    }
}

ChatHub

案例下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qcYOKuO42HltFmwP3vZgSA

三、Hub

1，创建并使用Hub

public class ChatHub : Hub
{
    public async Task SendMessage(string user, string message)
    {
        await Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", user,message);
    }

    public Task SendMessageToCaller(string message)
    {
        return Clients.Caller.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", message);
    }

    public Task SendMessageToGroups(string message)
    {
        List<string> groups = new List<string>() { "SignalR Users" };
        return Clients.Groups(groups).SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", message);
    }

    public override async Task OnConnectedAsync()
    {
        await Groups.AddToGroupAsync(Context.ConnectionId, "SignalR Users");
        await base.OnConnectedAsync();
    }

    public override async Task OnDisconnectedAsync(Exception exception)
    {
        await Groups.RemoveFromGroupAsync(Context.ConnectionId, "SignalR Users");
        await base.OnDisconnectedAsync(exception);
    }
}

Hub

2，Clients对象

①每个实例Hub类有一个名为Clients包含服务器和客户端之间通信的以下成员：

属性	描述
`All`	在所有连接的客户端上调用方法
`Caller`	调用 hub 方法在客户端上调用方法
`Others`	除调用的方法的客户端的所有连接客户端上调用方法

此外，Hub.Clients包含以下方法：

方法	描述
`AllExcept`	在指定的连接除外的所有连接的客户端上调用方法
`Client`	在特定连接的客户端上调用方法
`Clients`	在特定连接的客户端上调用方法
`Group`	将消息发送到指定的组中的所有连接
`GroupExcept`	将消息发送到指定的组，除非指定连接中的所有连接
`Groups`	将一条消息发送到多个组的连接
`OthersInGroup`	将一条消息发送到一组的连接，不包括客户端调用 hub 方法
`User`	将消息发送到与特定用户关联的所有连接
`Users`	将消息发送到与指定的用户相关联的所有连接

3，将消息发送到客户端

//将消息发送到调用此hub的客户端
public Task SendMessageToCaller(string message)
{
    return Clients.Caller.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", message);
}
//将消息发送到指定发送的所有客户端
public Task SendMessageToGroups(string message)
{
    List<string> groups = new List<string>() { "SignalR Users" };
    return Clients.Groups(groups).SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", message);
}

4，处理消息事件

//连接触发
public override async Task OnConnectedAsync()
{
    await Groups.AddToGroupAsync(Context.ConnectionId, "SignalR Users");
    await base.OnConnectedAsync();
}
//断开连接触发
public override async Task OnDisconnectedAsync(Exception exception)
{
    await Groups.RemoveFromGroupAsync(Context.ConnectionId, "SignalR Users");
    await base.OnDisconnectedAsync(exception);
}

5，客户端处理错误

connection.invoke("SendMessage", user, message).catch(err => console.error(err));

四、客户端调用hub

nuget Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Client;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;

namespace SignalRClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("准备就绪...");

            HubConnection connection=new HubConnectionBuilder()
                            .WithUrl("http://localhost:5000/chatHub")
                            .Build();

            //连接hub
            connection.StartAsync();
            Console.WriteLine("已连接");
            
            //定义一个客户端方法ReceiveMessage
            connection.On<string,string>("ReceiveMessage",(UriParser,message)=>{
                Console.WriteLine($"接收消息：{message}");
            });

            while(true)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                var msg=Console.ReadLine();
                //发送给hub的SendMessage方法
                connection.InvokeAsync("SendMessage","",msg);
            }

        }
    }

}

Main

案例下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gqGNl_FPXxz0LYVozrqI5g

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zd1994/p/9134965.html