RHEL 6.5 ----Postfix邮件服务器

主机名	IP	服务
master	192.168.30.130
slave	192.168.30.131

软件包介绍

包名	介绍
postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64	postfix的主程序包，必须安装
dovecot.x86_64 1:2.0.9-7.el6	用于接收邮件

安装

[root@master ~]# yum install -y postfix dovecot

配置文件和日志文件位置

[root@master ~]# ls /etc/postfix/
access     generic        main.cf    relocated  virtual
canonical  header_checks  master.cf  transport
[root@master ~]# ls /var/log/maillog 
/var/log/maillog

启动postfix服务并查看

[root@master ~]# service postfix start 
[root@master ~]# netstat -antup | grep 25
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1570/master         
tcp        0      0 ::1:25                      :::*                        LISTEN      1570/master 
[root@master ~]# ps -ef | grep postfix
root 1570 1 0 16:53 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
postfix 1579 1570 0 16:53 ? 00:00:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
postfix 2589 1570 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
root 2673 1842 0 19:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep postfix

修改配置文件实现postfix发送邮件

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.30.130 master sishen.cn
192.168.30.131 slave
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf 
mydomain = sishen.cn
mynetworks = 192.168.30.0/24,127.0.0.0/8

重启postfix测试

[root@master ~]# service postfix restart 
Shutting down postfix:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting postfix:                                          [  OK  ]

 

 配置dovecot实现postfix的发送和接收

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf 
protocols = imap pop3 lmtp  #取消前面的注释
login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0    #允许所有网络
login_trusted_networks = 192.168.30.0/24  #允许制定IP，两者选其一

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf 
mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u #取消前面的注释，指定收件箱位置
mbox_write_locks = fcntl   #默认开启，无需更改
 

修改.bash_profile文件

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/skel/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH
if [ ! -d ~/mail/.imap/INBOX ]; then
    mkdir -p ~/mail/.imap/INBOX
fi

重启服务

[root@master ~]# service dovecot restart 
Stopping Dovecot Imap:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting Dovecot Imap:                                     [  OK  ]

创建用户测试

[root@master ~]# useradd xueji
[root@master ~]# echo "xueji:123456" | chpasswd
#以下是三种发送邮件的方式
[xueji@master ~]$ mail -s "【xueji】" xueji@sishen.cn < /etc/hosts   #注意这里最好写成xueji@192.168.30.130，因为在实际测试过程中，虽然提示发送邮件成功，但实际上收件箱并没有邮件，可能是因为上述配置文件中写的是IP地址段的问题。（个人感觉）
[xueji@master ~]$ echo "aa################bb" | mail -s "sishen" sishen@sishen.cn < /etc/passwd

[xueji@master ~]$ mail -s 'test-01' sishen@sishen.cn  #直接回车
11111111111111    #  输入正文
222222222222222
3333333333333333 # 这里想要结束必须回车换到新一行行首
EOT                         #然后Ctrl+d

查看邮件

[xueji@master ~]$ mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/xueji": 2 messages 1 unread
    1 Mail Delivery System  Thu May 24 04:25  74/2473  "Undelivered Mail Returne"
>U  2 Mail Delivery System  Thu May 24 04:27  74/2469  "Undelivered Mail Returne"
& 2
Message  2:
From MAILER-DAEMON  Thu May 24 04:27:57 2018
Return-Path: <>
X-Original-To: xueji@master.localdomain
Delivered-To: xueji@master.localdomain
Date: Thu, 24 May 2018 04:27:57 +0800 (CST)
From: MAILER-DAEMON@master.localdomain (Mail Delivery System)
Subject: Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender
To: xueji@master.localdomain
Auto-Submitted: auto-replied
Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status;
    boundary="36CAFA06AC.1527107277/master.localdomain"
Status: RO

Part 1:
Content-Description: Notification
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

This is the mail system at host master.localdomain.

I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not
be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below.

For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster.

If you do so, please include this problem report. You can
delete your own text from the attached returned message.

                   The mail system

<root@192.168.30.130>: bad address syntax

Part 2:
Content-Description: Delivery report
Content-Type: message/delivery-status


Part 3:
Content-Description: Undelivered Message
Content-Type: message/rfc822

From xueji@master.localdomain Thu May 24 04:27:57 2018
Return-Path: <xueji@master.localdomain>
Date: Thu, 24 May 2018 04:27:57 +0800
To: root@192.168.30.130
Subject: 【xueji】
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
From: xueji@master.localdomain

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.30.130 sishen.cn