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  • linux下mysql多实例安装(转)

    转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/xuchenliang/p/6843990.html
     
    1.MySQL多实例介绍
    1.1.什么是MySQL多实例
    MySQL多实例就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口(如:3306,3307),运行多个MySQL服务进程,通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务:;
    1.2.MySQL多实例的特点有以下几点
    1:有效利用服务器资源,当单个服务器资源有剩余时,可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。
    2:节约服务器资源
    3:资源互相抢占问题,当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时,会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源,导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降;
    1.3.部署mysql多实例的两种方式
    第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例,这种方式的优势逻辑简单,配置简单,缺点是管理起来不太方便;
    第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例,这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面,优点是管理起来很方便,集中管理;
    1.4.同一开发环境下安装两个数据库,必须处理以下问题
    • 配置文件安装路径不能相同
    • 数据库目录不能相同
    • 启动脚本不能同名
    • 端口不能相同
    • socket文件的生成路径不能相同
    2.Mysql多实例安装部署
    2.1.部署环境
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4
    2.2.安装mysql软件版本
    2.2.1.免编译二进制包
    mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    2.3.解压和迁移
    tar -xvf mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
    mv mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    2.4.关闭iptables
    临时关闭:service iptables stop 
    永久关闭:chkconfig iptables off
    2.5.关闭selinux
    vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux  
    将SELINUX修改为DISABLED,即SELINUX=DISABLED 
    2.6.创建mysql用户
    groupadd -g 27 mysql
    useradd -u 27 -g mysql mysql
    id mysql
    uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
    2.7.创建相关目录
    mkdir -p /data/mysql/ {mysql_3306,mysql_3307}
    mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3306/ {data,log,tmp}
    mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3307/ {data,log,tmp}
    2.8.更改目录权限
    chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/ 
    chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
    2.9. 添加环境变量
    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >>  /etc/profile 
    source /etc/profile  
    2.10.复制my.cnf文件到etc目录
    cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
    2.11.修改my.cnf(在一个文件中修改即可)
    [client]  
    port=3306  
    socket=/tmp/mysql.sock  
     
    [mysqld_multi]  
    mysqld = /usr/local/mysql /bin/mysqld_safe  
    mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql /bin/mysqladmin  
    log = /data/mysql/mysqld_multi.log  
     
    [mysqld]  
    user=mysql  
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql  
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES  
     
    [mysqld3306]  
    mysqld=mysqld  
    mysqladmin=mysqladmin  
    datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data  
    port=3306  
    server_id=3306  
    socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock  
    log-output=file  
    slow_query_log = 1  
    long_query_time = 1  
    slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/slow.log  
    log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/error.log  
    binlog_format = mixed  
    log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/mysql3306_bin  
       
    [mysqld3307]  
    mysqld=mysqld  
    mysqladmin=mysqladmin  
    datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/data  
    port=3307  
    server_id=3307  
    socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock  
    log-output=file  
    slow_query_log = 1  
    long_query_time = 1  
    slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/slow.log  
    log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/error.log  
    binlog_format = mixed  
    log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/mysql3307_bin
    2.12. 初始化数据库
    2.12.1. 初始化3306数据库 
    /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  
    2.12.2. 初始化3307数据库 
    /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  
    2.12.3. 检查数据库是否初始化成功
    出现两个”OK”
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    2.12.4. 查看数据库是否初始化成功(2)
    查看3306数据库
    [root@mysql ~]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
    [root@mysql data]# ls
    auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  mysql.pid  performance_schema  test
     
    查看3307数据库
    [root@mysql ~]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3307/data
    [root@mysql data]# ls
    auto.cnf  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  mysql.pid  performance_schema  test
    2.13.设置启动文件
    cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
    2.14.mysqld_multi进行多实例管理
    启动全部实例:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start
    查看全部实例状态:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report 
    启动单个实例:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306 
    停止单个实例:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 3306 
    查看单个实例状态:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report 3306 
    2.14.1.启动全部实例
    [root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start
    [root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
    Reporting MySQL servers
    MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
    MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running
    2.15.查看启动进程  
     
     
    2.16.修改密码
    mysql的root用户初始密码是空,所以需要登录mysql进行修改密码,下面以3306为例: 
    mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock   
    set password for root@'localhost'=password('123456'); 
    flush privileges; 
    下次登录:
    [root@mysql ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -p
    Enter password:
    2.17.新建用户及授权
    一般新建数据库都需要新增一个用户,用于程序连接,这类用户只需要insert、update、delete、select权限。
    新增一个用户,并授权如下: 
    grant select,delete,update,insert on *.* to admin@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123456'; 
    flush privileges
    2.18.外部软件登录数据库
     
     
    2.19.测试成功
     
    3.源码安装常见报错信息
    1:安装mysql报错
    checking for tgetent in -lncurses... no
    checking for tgetent in -lcurses... no
    checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... no
    checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... no
    checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
    原因:
    缺少ncurses安装包
    解决方法:
    yum list|grep ncurses
    yum -y install ncurses-devel
    yum install ncurses-devel
    2:.../depcomp: line 571: exec: g++: not found
    make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 错误 127
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/justme/software/mysql-5.1.30/mysys'
    make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
    解决方法:
    yum install gcc-c++
    3:.../include/my_global.h:909: error: redeclaration of C++ built-in type `bool'
    make[2]: *** [my_new.o] Error 1
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/tools/mysql-5.0.22/mysys'
    make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/tools/mysql-5.0.22'
    make: *** [all] Error 2
    是因为gcc-c++是在configure之后安装的,此时只需重新configure后再编译make即可。
    4:初始化数据库报错
    报错现象:
    root@mysql mysql-6.0.11-alpha]# scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql
    Installing MySQL system tables...
    ERROR: 1136  Column count doesn't match value count at row 1
    150414  7:15:56 [ERROR] Aborting
    150414  7:15:56 [Warning] Forcing shutdown of 1 plugins
    150414  7:15:56 [Note] /usr/local/mysql//libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete
    Installation of system tables failed!  Examine the logs in
    /var/lib/mysql for more information.
    You can try to start the mysqld daemon with:
    shell> /usr/local/mysql//libexec/mysqld --skip-grant &
    and use the command line tool /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql
    to connect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables:
    shell> /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql -u root mysql
    mysql> show tables
    Try 'mysqld --help' if you have problems with paths.  Using --log
    gives you a log in /var/lib/mysql that may be helpful.
    The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
    http://www.mysql.com/.  Please consult the MySQL manual section
    'Problems running mysql_install_db', and the manual section that
    describes problems on your OS.  Another information source are the
    MySQL email archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/.
    Please check all of the above before mailing us!  And remember, if
    you do mail us, you MUST use the /usr/local/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script!
    原因:
    原有安装的mysql信息没有删除干净
    解决方法:
    删除/var/lib/mysql目录
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zdfjf/p/7560593.html
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