【转】oracle PLSQL基础学习

--oracle 练习；
/**************************************************PL/SQL编程基础***************************************************************/
--firstday
--》》》数据类型
-- Create table
create table T_CSCUSTOMER
(
CUST_NO VARCHAR2(12) primary key not null,
PERSON_ID VARCHAR2(12),
GROUP_NO VARCHAR2(12),
CUST_ADDRESS_ID VARCHAR2(20),
ORGANISEID VARCHAR2(10),
CUST_NAME VARCHAR2(128),
CUST_TYPE VARCHAR2(2),
SERVE_PASSWORD VARCHAR2(128),
REGIONCODE VARCHAR2(4),
OPERATOR VARCHAR2(16),
OPENDATE DATE,
REMARK VARCHAR2(500),
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(256),
CUST_KIND VARCHAR2(4),
LINKMAN VARCHAR2(64),
LINKPHONE VARCHAR2(64),
LINKMOBILE VARCHAR2(64),
COMPANY_ID VARCHAR2(10),
INSTALL_ADDRESS VARCHAR2(256)
)

set serveroutput on

--%TYPE类型
--SQL>
declare
var_ename t_cscustomer.cust_name%type;
var_phone t_cscustomer.linkphone%type;

begin
SELECT cust_name,linkphone
into var_ename,var_phone
from t_cscustomer
where cust_no='0061121890';
dbms_output.put_line(var_ename||'的电话是：'||var_phone);
end;
/

--SQL>
declare
var_ename varchar2(200);
var_phone varchar2(200);

begin
SELECT cust_name,linkphone
into var_ename,var_phone
from t_cscustomer
where cust_no='0061121890';
dbms_output.put_line(var_ename||'的电话是：'||var_phone);
end;
/

--record类型
--SQL>
declare
type emp_type is record
(
var_ename varchar2(20),
var_phone varchar2(20),
var_sal varchar2(200)
);
empinfo emp_type;
begin
select cust_name,linkphone,address into empinfo from t_cscustomer where cust_no='0110542709';
dbms_output.put_line('雇员'||empinfo.var_ename||'的电话是'||empinfo.var_phone||'、地址是'||empinfo.var_sal);
end;
/

--%rowtype类型
--SQL>
declare
rowVar_emp t_cscustomer%rowtype;
begin
SELECT * into rowVar_emp FROM t_cscustomer where cust_no='0110542709';
/*输出信息*/
dbms_output.put_line('雇员'||rowVar_emp.cust_name||'的电话是'||rowVar_emp.linkphone||'、地址是'||rowVar_emp.address);
end;
/

--变量 、常量
var_countryname varchar2(50):='中国';
con_day constant integer:=365;

--secondday
--》》》流程控制
--if
--SQL>
declare
var_name1 varchar2(20);
var_name2 varchar2(20);
begin
var_name1:='East';
var_name2:='xiaoke';
if length(var_name1) < length(var_name2) then
dbms_output.put_line('字符串“'||var_name1||'”的长度比字符串“'||var_name2||'”的长度小');
end if;
end;
/
--if elseif
--SQL>
declare
num_age int :=55;
begin
if num_age>=56 then
dbms_output.put_line('您可以申请退休了');
elsif num_age<56 then
dbms_output.put_line('您小于56岁，不可以申请退休！');
else
dbms_output.put_line('对不起，年龄不合法！');
end if;
end;
/

--SQL>
declare
num_age int :=55;
aboutinfo varchar2(50);
begin
if num_age>=56 then
aboutinfo:='您可以申请退休了';
elsif num_age<56 then
aboutinfo:='您小于56岁，不可以申请退休！';
else
aboutinfo:='对不起，年龄不合法！';
end if;
dbms_output.put_line(aboutinfo);
end;
/

--case when
--SQL>
declare
season int:=3;
aboutinfo varchar2(50);
begin
case season
when 1 then
aboutinfo := season||'季度包括1、2、3 月份';
when 2 then
aboutinfo := season||'季度包括4、5、6 月份';
when 3 then
aboutinfo := season||'季度包括7、8、9 月份';
when 4 then
aboutinfo := season||'季度包括10、11、12 月份';
else
aboutinfo := season||'季度不合法';
end case;
dbms_output.put_line(aboutinfo);
end;
/

--》》》循环语句
--loop语句 一直运行到exit when end_condition_exp 为true时退出
declare
sum_i int:=0;
i int:=0;
begin
loop
i:=i+1;
sum_i :=sum_i + i;
exit when i = 100;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('前100个自然数的和是：'||sum_i);
end;
/
--while 语句
declare
sum_i int := 0;
i int :=0;
begin
while i<100 loop
i:=i+1;
sum_i:=sum_i+i;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('前100个自然数的和是：'||sum_i);
end;
/
--for 语句
declare
sum_i int:=0;
begin
for i in reverse 1..100 loop -- reverse 表示i从100递减
sum_i:= sum_i+i;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line('前100个自然数的和是：'||sum_i);
end;
/

--》》》游标
/*
游标属性：
cur_tmp%found 至少影响到一行数据为true;
cur_tmp%notfound 与%found相反
cur_tmp%rowcount 返回受SQL语句影响的行数
cur_tmp%isopen 游标打开时为true
*/
--显示cursor
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor cur_emp(var_name in varchar2:='lili')
is select cust_no,cust_name,address
from t_cscustomer
where cust_name like var_name||'%';
type record_emp is record
(
var_empno t_cscustomer.cust_no%type,
var_empname t_cscustomer.cust_name%type,
var_empaddress t_cscustomer.address%type
);
emp_row record_emp;
begin
DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(buffer_size => null); --表示输出buffer不受限制
open cur_emp('刘');
fetch cur_emp into emp_row;
while cur_emp%found loop
dbms_output.put_line(emp_row.var_empname||'的编号是'||emp_row.var_empno||',地址是'||emp_row.var_empaddress);
fetch cur_emp into emp_row;
end loop;
close cur_emp;
end;
/

--for 中使用cursor 不用进行打开游标、读取游标、关闭游标 oracle内部自动完成
declare
type emp_type is record
(
var_ename t_cscustomer.cust_name%type,
var_phone t_cscustomer.linkphone%type,
var_sal t_cscustomer.address%type
);
empinfo emp_type;
cursor cur_emp
is
select cust_name var_ename,linkphone var_phone,address var_sal from t_cscustomer where address like '%招南%0402室%';
begin
DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(buffer_size => null); --表示输出buffer不受限制
--open cur_emp;
--fetch cur_emp into empinfo;
--dbms_output.put_line('共有数据'||cur_emp%rowcount||'条');
for empinfo in cur_emp loop
dbms_output.put_line('雇员'||empinfo.var_ename||'的电话是'||empinfo.var_phone||'、地址是'||empinfo.var_sal);
end loop;
end;
/

declare
cursor cur_emp
is
select cust_name var_ename,linkphone var_phone,address var_sal from t_cscustomer where address like '%招南%0402室%';
begin
DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(buffer_size => null); --表示输出buffer不受限制
for empinfo in cur_emp loop
dbms_output.put_line('雇员'||empinfo.var_ename||'的电话是'||empinfo.var_phone||'、地址是'||empinfo.var_sal);
end loop;
end;
/

begin
DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(buffer_size => null); --表示输出buffer不受限制
for empinfo in (select cust_name var_ename,linkphone var_phone,address var_sal from t_cscustomer where address like '%招南%0402室%') loop
dbms_output.put_line('雇员'||empinfo.var_ename||'的电话是'||empinfo.var_phone||'、地址是'||empinfo.var_sal);
end loop;
end;
/

--》》》异常处理
/*
预定义异常
自定义异常
*/
--预定义异常
declare
var_empno t_cscustomer.cust_no%type;
var_empname t_cscustomer.cust_name%type;
begin
select cust_no,cust_name into var_empno,var_empname from t_cscustomer where cust_no like '00%';
if sql%found then
dbms_output.put_line('雇员编号：'||var_empno||'、名称：'||var_empname);
end if;
exception
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line('返回记录超过一行');
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('无数据记录');
end;
/
--自定义异常
declare
primary_iterant exception;--定义一个异常变量
pragma exception_init(primary_iterant,-00001);--关联错误号和异常变量名
begin
insert into dept_tmp values('0','综合部','北京');
dbms_output.put_line('采用默认值插入dept_tmp成功！');
exception
when primary_iterant then
dbms_output.put_line('主键不允许重复！');
end;
/

/**************************************************存储过程、函数、触发器、包***************************************************************/
--》》》存储过程
--查看错误
show errors;

--创建或替换pro_insertTmp
drop table dept_tmp;
create table dept_tmp(
DEPT_NO VARCHAR2(12) primary key not null,
DEPT_NAME VARCHAR2(50),
LOCATION VARCHAR2(200)
);
create or replace procedure pro_insertTmp is
begin
insert into dept_tmp values(1,'市场拓展部','join');
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('插入dept_tmp新记录成功');
end pro_insertTmp;
/
--执行pro_insertTmp
--execurte pro_insertTmp;
exec pro_insertTmp;

--程序块中调用pro_insertTmp
set serverout on
begin
pro_insertTmp
end;
/

--third day2015-02-03
/**存储过程参数过程包括：in 输入参数、out 输出参数、in out可被修改的输入参数，并作为输出参数**/
-->>in
create or replace procedure pro_insertDept(v_deptno in varchar2,v_deptname in varchar2,v_loc in varchar2) is
begin
insert into dept_tmp values(v_deptno,v_deptname,v_loc);
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('通过in参数插入dept成功！');
end pro_insertDept;
/

--不按顺序传入参数，指定参数值
begin
pro_insertDept(v_deptname=>'采购部',v_loc=>'成都',v_deptno=>'2');
end;
/
--按顺序传入参数
begin
pro_insertDept('3','市场部','深圳');
end;
/
--混合传入参数
begin
pro_insertDept('4',v_loc=>'成都',v_deptname=>'工程部');
end;
/

-->>out
create or replace procedure pro_selectDept(v_deptno in varchar2,v_deptname out dept_tmp.dept_name%type,v_loc out dept_tmp.location%type) is
begin
select dept_name,location into v_deptname,v_loc from dept_tmp where dept_no=v_deptno;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('该编号的部门不存在！');
end pro_selectDept;
/

set serveroutput on
declare
v_deptname dept_tmp.dept_name%type;
v_loc dept_tmp.location%type;
begin
pro_selectDept('1',v_deptname,v_loc);
--if v_deptname = '' then
dbms_output.put_line(v_deptname||'位于：'||v_loc);
--end if;
end;
/

--执行
variable v_deptname varchar2(50);
variable v_loc varchar2(50);
exec pro_selectDept('2',:v_deptname,:v_loc);
print v_deptname v_loc;
select :v_deptname,:v_loc from dual;

-->> in out
create or replace procedure pro_square(num in out number,flag in boolean) is
i int:=2;
begin
if flag then
num := power(num,i); --计算平方
else
num := sqrt(num); --计算平方根
end if;
end pro_square;
/

declare
n_number number;
n_tmp number;
b_flag boolean;
begin
b_flag:=false;
n_tmp:=3;
n_number:=n_tmp;
pro_square(n_number,b_flag);
if b_flag then
dbms_output.put_line(n_tmp||'的平方是：'||n_number);
else
dbms_output.put_line(n_tmp||'的平方根是：'||n_number);
end if;
end;
/

--in 参数默认值
create or replace procedure pro_insertDeptDefault(v_deptno in varchar2,v_deptname in varchar2 default '综合部',v_loc in varchar2 default '北京') is
primary_iterant exception;--定义一个异常变量
pragma exception_init(primary_iterant,-00001);--关联错误号和异常变量名
begin
insert into dept_tmp values(v_deptno,v_deptname,v_loc);
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('采用默认值插入dept_tmp成功！');
exception
when primary_iterant then
dbms_output.put_line('主键不允许重复！');
end pro_insertDeptDefault;
/
--指定名称传值
declare
row_dept dept_tmp%rowtype;
begin
pro_insertDeptDefault('5',v_loc => '太原');
select * into row_dept from dept_tmp where dept_no='5';
dbms_output.put_line('部门名称：'||row_dept.dept_name||',位于：'||row_dept.location);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('未找到相关的数据！');
end;
/

drop table t_emp;
create table t_emp(
emp_no number primary key not null,
emp_name varchar2(20),
age number,
sal number,
job varchar2(20),
dept_no number,
address varchar2(200),
hiredate date
);
insert into t_emp values(1,'王力',22,9000,'会计',3,'深圳市北京路奥巴马号',sysdate);
--》》》函数
create or replace function get_avg_pay(num_deptNo number) return number is
num_avg_pay number;
begin
select avg(sal) into num_avg_pay from t_emp where dept_no=num_deptNo;
return(round(num_avg_pay,2));
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('该部门编号的员工不存在');
return(0);
end get_avg_pay;
/

--程序块中调用函数
declare
avg_pay number;
begin
avg_pay:=get_avg_pay(3);
dbms_output.put_line('编号为3的部门，平均工资是：'||avg_pay);
end;
/

--删除函数
drop function get_avg_pay;

--》》》触发器
--语法格式
create or replace trigger tri_name
[before|after|instead of] tri_event
on table_name|view_name|user_name|db_name
[for each row][when tri_condition]
begin
plsql_sentences;
end tri_name;
/

create table dept_log(
operate_tag varchar2(10),
operate_time date
);
--语句级触发器
create or replace trigger tri_dept
before insert or update or delete
on dept_tmp
declare
v_tag varchar2(20);
begin
if inserting then
v_tag:='插入';
elsif updating then
v_tag:='修改';
elsif deleting then
v_tag:='删除';
end if;
insert into dept_log values(v_tag,sysdate);
end tri_dept;
/
insert into dept_tmp values(6,'业务咨询部','长春');
update dept_tmp set location='沈阳' where dept_no='6';
delete from dept_tmp where dept_no='6';

--行级触发器
create table t_goods(
id int primary key not null,
good_name varchar2(50)
);

create sequence seq_goods_id;

--:new.id--列标识符，新值标识符用于标识当前行某个列的新值“:new.column_name”,通常在insert和update语句中使用
--:old.id--列标识符，原值标识符用于标识当前行某个列的原始值“:new.column_name”,通常在delete和update语句中使用
create or replace trigger tri_insert_goods
before insert
on t_goods
for each row
begin
select seq_goods_id.nextval into :new.id from dual;
end;
/

insert into t_goods(good_name) values('苹果');
insert into t_goods(id,good_name) values(9,'桃子');

--替换触发器
--替换触发器定义在视图（一种数据库对象）上，而不是定义在表上。
create view view_emp_dept
as select emp_no,emp_name,dept_tmp.dept_no,dept_name,job,hiredate from t_emp,dept_tmp where t_emp.dept_no=dept_tmp.dept_no;

create or replace trigger tri_insert_view
instead of insert
on view_emp_dept
for each row
declare
row_dept dept_tmp%rowtype;
begin
select * into row_dept from dept_tmp where dept_no=:new.dept_no;
if sql%notfound then
insert into dept_tmp(dept_no,dept_name) values(:new.dept_no,:new.dept_name);
end if;
insert into t_emp(emp_no,emp_name,dept_no,job,hiredate) values (:new.emp_no,:new.emp_name,:new.dept_no,:new.job,:new.hiredate);
end tri_insert_view;
/

--rollback不能再触发器中使用
create or replace trigger tri_insert_view2
instead of insert
on view_emp_dept
for each row
declare
row_dept dept_tmp%rowtype;
begin
select * into row_dept from dept_tmp where dept_no=:new.dept_no;
if sql%notfound then
insert into dept_tmp(dept_no,dept_name) values(:new.dept_no,:new.dept_name);
end if;
insert into t_emp(emp_no,emp_name,dept_no,job,hiredate) values (:new.emp_no,:new.emp_name,:new.dept_no,:new.job,:new.hiredate);
exception
--when no_data_found then
--dbms_output.put_line('部门表中未找到相对应的部门编号');
--rollback;
end tri_insert_view;
/

--若部门中没有编号10，会报错
insert into view_emp_dept(emp_no,emp_name,dept_no,dept_name,job,hiredate) values (8888,'东方',10,'ACCOUNTING','CASHIER',sysdate);
commit;

select * from view_emp_dept where emp_no=8888;

--用户事件触发器
create table t_ddl_oper_log(
db_obj_name varchar2(20),
db_obj_type varchar2(20),
oper_action varchar2(20),
oper_user varchar2(20),
oper_date date
);

create or replace trigger tri_ddl_oper
before create or drop or alter
on liulei.schema
begin
insert into t_ddl_oper_log values(ora_dict_obj_name,ora_dict_obj_type,ora_sysevent,ora_login_user,sysdate);
end;
/
create table t_test(id number);
create view view_test as select emp_no,emp_name from t_emp;
drop view view_test;
select * from t_ddl_oper_log;

--》》》程序包
--语法 规范
create or replace package pack_name is
[declare_variable];
[declare_type];
[declare_cursor];
[declare_function];
[declare_procedure];
end [pack_name];

--创建一个程序包的“规范”,不包声明体的主体部分
create or replace package pack_emp is
function fun_avg_sal(num_deptno number) return number;--获取指定部门的平均工资
procedure pro_regulate_sal(var_job varchar2,num_proportion number);--按照指定比例上调指定职务的工资
end pack_emp;
/

--语法 程序包主体
create or replace package body pack_name is
[inner_variable]
[cursor_body]
[function_title]
{
begin
fun_plsql;
[exception]
[dowith_sentences;]
end [fun_name]
}
[procedure_title]
{
begin
pro_plsql;
[exception]
[dowith_sentences;]
end [pro_name]
}
...
end [pack_name]

create or replace package body pack_emp is
function fun_avg_sal(num_deptno number) return number is
num_avg_sal number;
begin
select avg(sal) into num_avg_sal from t_emp where dept_no=num_deptno;
return(num_avg_sal);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('该部门编号不存在雇员记录！');
return 0;
end fun_avg_sal;

procedure pro_regulate_sal(var_job varchar2,num_proportion number) is
begin
update t_emp set sal=sal*(1+num_proportion) where job=var_job;
end pro_regulate_sal;
end pack_emp;
/

--调用包
set serveroutput on
declare
num_deptno t_emp.dept_no%type;
var_job t_emp.job%type;
num_avg_sal t_emp.sal%type;
num_proportion number;
begin
num_deptno:=5;
num_avg_sal:=pack_emp.fun_avg_sal(num_deptno);
dbms_output.put_line(num_deptno||'号部门的平均工资是：'||num_avg_sal);

var_job := 'SALEMAN';
num_proportion:=0.1;
pack_emp.pro_regulate_sal(var_job,num_proportion);
end;
/