spring mvc

 

一 处理器映射,配置文件

DispatcherServlet是spring mvc的核心，作为spring mvc的前端控制器， 必须在web.xml中声明如下：

<servlet>
            <servlet-name>spitter</servlet-name> //定义了servlet名字，将从于servlet相同名的xml中载入应用上下文，DispatcherServlet试图从spitter.xml中载入上下文
            <servlet-class>
               org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
             </servlet-class>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>spitter</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> //DispatcherServlet需要处理所有请求
        </servlet-mapping>

ContextLoaderListener 可以加在配置文件到servlet xml中，在web.xml中配置：

<listener>
    <listener-class>
        org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    </listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        /WEB-INF/spitter-security.xml
        classpath:service-context.xml
        classpath:persistence-context.xml
        classpath:dataSource-context.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

对于静态文件，可以使用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" //对于所有以resources开头的path，servlet会serve到应用程序根目录的resources下，一般放置图片，javascrpt等
                 location="/resources/" />
</beans>

spring有5种方法分配请求到controller

1 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping   扫描bean，将以”/”开头的bean的名称或别名(alias)注册为可以处理的url

2 ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping   和第一个类似，但是beanname不要求和url规定一样

3 ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping   controller class name和url关系

4 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping  注解 <mvc:annotation-driven/>

这个标签注册了Spring MVC分发请求到控制器所必须的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例

5 SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  在spring上下文种定义controller和url关系

 

二 控制器

package com.habuma.spitter.mvc;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import com.habuma.spitter.service.SpitterService;
@Controller //定义一个controller，在servlet中配置<context:component-scan base-package="com.habuma.spitter.mvc" />，controller自动配置成bean
public class HomeController {
  public static final int DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE = 25;
  private SpitterService spitterService;
  @Inject
  public HomeController(SpitterService spitterService) { //注入service
    this.spitterService = spitterService; 
  }
  @RequestMapping({"/","/home"}) //处理请求
  public String showHomePage(Map<String, Object> model) {//model是controller和view传送数据
model.put("spittles", spitterService.getRecentSpittles(
          DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE));
    return "home"; //返回view
  }
}

 处理input, url:http://localhost:8080/spitter/spitters/spittles?spitter=habuma

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/spitter")
public class SpitterController {
  private final SpitterService spitterService;
@Inject
public SpitterController(SpitterService spitterService) {
  this.spitterService = spitterService;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/spittles", method=GET)//Handle GET requests for /spitter/spittles
public String listSpittlesForSpitter(
    @RequestParam("spitter") String username, Model model) {//第二个参数和前面例子的map类似，map的put方法和model的addattribute方法类似
Spitter spitter = spitterService.getSpitter(username);
model.addAttribute(spitter);
model.addAttribute(spitterService.getSpittlesForSpitter(username));
 return "spittles/list";
} }

When adding a Spitter object to the model, addAttribute() gives it the name spitter, a name it arrives at by applying JavaBeans property naming rules to the object’s class name. When adding a List of Spittles, it tacks List to the end the mem- ber type of the List, naming the attribute spittleList. 

jsp中这样调用

<h2>Spittles for ${spitter.username}</h2>
<table cellspacing="15">
  <c:forEach items="${spittleList}" var="spittle">

 

如何测试一个controller

package com.habuma.spitter.mvc;
import static com.habuma.spitter.mvc.HomeController.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.habuma.spitter.domain.Spittle;
import com.habuma.spitter.service.SpitterService;
public class HomeControllerTest {
  @Test
public void shouldDisplayRecentSpittles() {
  List<Spittle> expectedSpittles =
    asList(new Spittle(), new Spittle(), new Spittle());
  SpitterService spitterService = mock(SpitterService.class);
Mock SpitterService
when(spitterService.getRecentSpittles(DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE)).
    thenReturn(expectedSpittles);
HomeController controller =
               new HomeController(spitterService); //Create controller
HashMap<String, Object> model = new HashMap<String, Object>();

String viewName = controller.showHomePage(model); //Call handler method
assertEquals("home", viewName);
assertSame(expectedSpittles, model.get("spittles"));

verify(spitterService).getRecentSpittles(DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE); }
}

三 视图解析器

具体view可由jsp或者velocity写，视图解析器将逻辑viewname转换为实际的viewpath

view resolver：

BeanNameViewResolver view注册成bean，id和logic view name一样

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver

FreeMarkerViewResolver

InternalResourceViewResolver

JasperReportsViewResolver

ResourceBundleViewResolver
TilesViewResolver

UrlBasedViewResolver

VelocityLayoutViewResolver

VelocityViewResolver

XmlViewResolver

XsltViewResolver

InternalResourceViewResolver

<bean class= "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

TilesViewResolver

用来组合成一个最终表示用页面用的，这样的话，便于对页面的各个机能的变更及维护。

//in spitter-servlet.xml:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesViewResolver"/>//定义TilesViewResolver根据视图逻辑名找到定义对应的view
<bean class=
    "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesConfigurer">
  <property name="definitions">//tiles定义的文件
    <list>
      <value>/WEB-INF/viewsviews.xml</value>
    </list>
  </property>
</bean>

<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
      "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.1//EN"
      "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_1.dtd">
<tiles-definitions>//tiles定义
   <definition name="template"
               template="/WEB-INF/views/main_template.jsp">
     <put-attribute name="top"
                    value="/WEB-INF/views/tiles/spittleForm.jsp" />
     <put-attribute name="side"
                    value="/WEB-INF/views/tiles/signinsignup.jsp" />
//Define common layout
</definition>
<definition name="home" extends="template">
//Define home tile
             <put-attribute name="content" value="/WEB-INF/views/home.jsp" />
           </definition>
        </tiles-definitions>

表单请求

new

@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET, params="new") //只能处理get请求
        public String createSpitterProfile(Model model) {
          model.addAttribute(new Spitter());
          return "spitters/edit";
        }

<definition name="spitters/edit" extends="template">//xml中
 <put-attribute name="content"
                value="/WEB-INF/views/spitters/edit.jsp" />
</definition>

<%@ taglib prefix="sf" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<div>
<h2>Create a free Spitter account</h2>
<sf:form method="POST" modelAttribute="spitter">
   <fieldset>
   <table cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
   <th><label for="user_full_name">Full name:</label></th>
   <td><sf:input path="fullName" size="15" id="user_full_name"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
   <th><label for="user_screen_name">Username:</label></th>
   <td><sf:input path="username" size="15" maxlength="15"
       id="user_screen_name"/>
        <small id="username_msg">No spaces, please.</small>
</td> </tr>
<tr>
   <th><label for="user_password">Password:</label></th>
   <td><sf:password path="password" size="30"
                      showPassword="true"
                      id="user_password"/>
       <small>6 characters or more (be tricky!)</small>
</td> </tr>
<tr>
   <th><label for="user_email">Email Address:</label></th>
   <td><sf:input path="email" size="30"
           id="user_email"/>
       <small>In case you forget something</small>
      </td>
</tr> <tr>

         <th></th>
         <td>
            <sf:checkbox path="updateByEmail"
                         id="user_send_email_newsletter"/>
            <label for="user_send_email_newsletter"
            >Send me email updates!</label>
</td> </tr>
   </table>
</fieldset>
</sf:form>
</div>

post

@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String addSpitterFromForm(@Valid Spitter spitter,BindingResult bindingResult) {//spitter必须先验证
if(bindingResult.hasErrors()) {//判断是否由error
  return "spitters/edit";//Check for errors
}
spitterService.saveSpitter(spitter);//Save Spitter
//Redirect after POST
  return "redirect:/spitters/" + spitter.getUsername();
}

@RequestMapping(value="/{username}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String showSpitterProfile(@PathVariable String username,//路径名称为参数
        Model model) {
  model.addAttribute(spitterService.getSpitter(username));
  return "spitters/view";
} 

验证@valid

http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.0.RC3/reference/html/ch05s07.html

@Pattern(regexp="^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$",
        message="Username must be alphanumeric with no spaces")
private String username;
@Size(min=6, max=20,
        message="The password must be at least 6 characters long.")
private String password; //spitter类中

BindingResult’s getFieldError() 可显示error，也可使用标签

<%@ taglib prefix="sf" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<div>
<h2>Create a free Spitter account</h2>
<sf:form method="POST" modelAttribute="spitter"
         enctype="multipart/form-data">
   <fieldset>
   <table cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
         <th><sf:label path="fullName">Full name:</sf:label></th>
         <td><sf:input path="fullName" size="15" /><br/>
             <sf:errors path="fullName" cssClass="error" />
         </td>
</tr>
...
 </table>
</fieldset>
</sf:form>
</div>

 <sf:errors path="*" cssClass="error" />可显示所有的error在同一个地方

 资料：

http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/7946109  

handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类：（主要讲解常用类型）

A、处理requet uri 部分（这里指uri template中variable，不含queryString部分）的注解：   @PathVariable;

B、处理request header部分的注解：   @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;

C、处理request body部分的注解：@RequestParam,  @RequestBody;

D、处理attribute类型是注解： @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;