Android UiAutomator2.0

一、环境搭建

　　JDK(java环境)、SDK(adb appt环境)，这两个已经不想再叙述了直接看详见-->

　　android studio 安装，下载地址：https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/index.html

安装完成，打开后大概是这个样子的：

二、新建测试工程

1.开始新建一个工程：点击上图的“Start a new Android Studio project ”

2.进入创建工程界面，设置app的名称、包名，及工程路径，点击 “Next”

3.选择平台类型及sdk的最小版本，点击 “Next”

4.选择Empty Activity，点击“Next”；选择No Activity，点击“Finish”  

5.工程创建完成。(默认是Android目录模式，且有一个默认的Module【app】)

这里附上以下界面的较为详细的介绍 >>>>>

三、编写脚本

在编写脚本前说明几点：(实例并非以上新建的工程目录，但并不影响此教程)

　　a：脚本实例中将测试脚本写在main中，以便后续build apk后，能在CTS框架中运行。

　　b：需先配置AndroidManifest.xml文件、build.gradle(Module:app)文件、以及settings.gradle文件。

1.settings.gradle文件内容

2.AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加Instrumentation标签

3.build.gradle(Module:app)文件中添加测试依赖的包。文件代码如下：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 26
    buildToolsVersion "26.0.1"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.zzw.testdemo"
        minSdkVersion 24
        targetSdkVersion 26
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.+'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

    compile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    // Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules
    compile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    // Set this dependency to build and run Espresso tests
    compile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
    // Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests
    compile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2'
    // Add uiTestHelper
    compile project(':uiTestHelper')

}

 4.接下来就是代码的编写了,这里贴出一个例子

package com.zzw.testdemo;

import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiObject;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiScrollable;
import android.support.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Locale;


/**
 * Created by zzw on 2017/12/19.
 */

public class TestPermission2 {
    private UiDevice mDevice;
    private static long LONG_TIMEOUT = 5000;
    private static long SHORT_TIMEOUT = 3000;
    private static String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME ="com.android.settings";
    private static String TEST_MAIN_ACTIVITY="com.android.settings/.Settings";

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws IOException {
        mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
        mDevice.executeShellCommand("pm clear "+TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown(){
        mDevice.pressHome();
    }

    /**
     * Case : 打开设置->点击语言&输入法->点击语言->切换语言(en || cn)
     *
     */
    @Test
    public void test01_a()throws Throwable {
        try {
            // Launch settings application
            mDevice.executeShellCommand("am start -n " + TEST_MAIN_ACTIVITY);
            // Sleep 5s
            SystemClock.sleep(LONG_TIMEOUT);
            // Setting list interface
            UiScrollable settingList = new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.android.settings:id/dashboard_container"));
            // Sliding lookup "Languages & input" or "语言和输入法"
            UiObject languageInput = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().textMatches("Languages & input|语言和输入法"));
            settingList.scrollIntoView(languageInput);

            //UiObject languageInput = settingList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().textMatches("Languages & input|语言和输入法")
            //  ,Locale.getDefault().getLanguage().equals("en")?"Languages & input":"语言和输入法");

            // Click "Languages & input" or "语言和输入法"
            languageInput.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
            // Click "Languages" or "语言"
            mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().textMatches("Languages|语言")).clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
            // Add language control
            UiObject addLanguage = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.android.settings:id/add_language"));
            // Language list interface control
            UiObject dragList = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.android.settings:id/dragList"));
            // The first language displayed rect
            Rect rect = dragList.getChild(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.RelativeLayout").index(0)).getBounds();
            // Language cn control
            UiObject cn = dragList.getChild(new UiSelector().textMatches(".*中文（中国）"));
            // Language en control
            UiObject en = dragList.getChild(new UiSelector().text("English (United States)"));
            // Add language list interface control
            UiScrollable findList = new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.ListView"));
            // If language cn and en exists in the language list interface
            if (cn.exists() && en.exists()) {
                UiObject first = dragList.getChild(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.RelativeLayout").index(0))
                        .getChild(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.TextView"));

                if (first.getText().equals("English (United States)")) {
                    // if the first language displayed "English (United States)" , Switch to cn
                    cn.dragTo(rect.centerX(), rect.top, 500);
                } else if (first.getText().matches(".*中文（中国）")) {
                    // if it displayed ".*中文（中国）" ,  Switch to en
                    en.dragTo(rect.centerX(), rect.top, 500);
                } else {
                    // else none of them , Switch to en
                    en.dragTo(rect.centerX(), rect.top, 500);
                }
            } else if (cn.exists() && !en.exists()) {
                // if cn exists and en not exists , add en and switch to en
                addLanguage.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                findList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().text("English"), "English").clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                findList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().text("United States"), "United States").clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                SystemClock.sleep(SHORT_TIMEOUT);
                en.dragTo(rect.centerX(), rect.top, 500);
            } else if (en.exists() && !cn.exists()) {
                // if en exists and cn not exists , add cn and switch to cn
                addLanguage.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                UiObject chinese = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().textMatches(".*中文"));
                findList.scrollIntoView(chinese);
                chinese.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                UiObject china = mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text("中国"));
                if (china.exists()) {
                    china.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                }
                SystemClock.sleep(SHORT_TIMEOUT);
                cn.dragTo(rect.centerX(), rect.top, 500);
            } else {
                // else none of them , add en and switch to en
                addLanguage.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                findList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().text("English"), "English").clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                findList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().text("United States"), "United States").clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
                SystemClock.sleep(LONG_TIMEOUT);
                en.dragTo(rect.centerX(), rect.top, 500);
            }
            SystemClock.sleep(LONG_TIMEOUT);
        }catch (Throwable e){
            // if error exist ，print stack trace log and screenshot to sdcard/test01_a.png
            e.printStackTrace();
            mDevice.takeScreenshot(new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),this.getClass().getName()+".png"));
        }finally {
            mDevice.pressBack();
            mDevice.pressBack();
            mDevice.pressBack();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test02_a() {

    }

    @Ignore
    public void test03_a() {

    }
}

四、运行测试

1.首先来看下在哪里运行测试，及怎么运行测试。步骤见图解

2.编辑运行测试的配置

3.运行测试

实际上测试执行是这样的：(1~4:安装主程序和测试程序; 5:执行测试)

adb push E:AndroidsAndroidStudioProjectsTestDemocalculatoruildoutputsapkcalculator-debug.apk /data/local/tmp/ com.zzw.testdemo

adb shell pm install  -r /data/local/tmp/com.zzw.testdemo 

adb push E:AndroidsAndroidStudioProjectsTestDemocalculatoruildoutputsapkcalculator-debug-androidTest.apk /data/local/tmp/ com.zzw.testdemo.test

adb shell pm install -r /data/local/tmp/com.zzw.testdemo.test

adb shell am instrument -r -e debug false -e class com.zzw.testdemo.TestPermission2#test01_a com.zzw.testdemo.test/android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner

五、生成报告

六、使用CTS框架运行测试脚本

　　要使用CTS测试框架进行测试生成报告：需要将测试脚本写在main中(编写脚本处也提到过)，然后将生成的主程序 app-debug.apk放置CTS的testcase目录下，配置完成后即可运行测试。详见 《Android UiAutomator - CTS Frame》cts 7.0以上部分=>>>>