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  • springmvc拦截器(拦截器演示、用户登录验证)

    1、概述

    (1)概念

    springmvc的处理器拦截器类似于servlet中的过滤器filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器(必须实现HandlerInterceptor)来实现特定的功能

    (2)过滤器与拦截器

    拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用。

    过滤器:

    servlet规范的一部分,任何javaweb工程都可以使用,在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截

    拦截器:

    拦截器是springmvc框架自己的,只有使用了springmvc框架的工程才能使用,拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法,如果访问的是jsp/html/css/images是不会进行拦截的

    2、拦截器演示

    (1)在web.xml中对前端控制器和中文乱码的处理进行配置:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
        <!-- 前端控制器 -->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <!--绑定springmvc的配置文件-->
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!--启动服务器即创建-->
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
        <filter>
            <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>pers.zhb.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    </web-app>

    书写过滤器:

    public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
        public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    
        }
    
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
            servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        }
    
        public void destroy() {
    
        }
    }

    (2)配置文件application:对视图解析器、拦截器等进行配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
        <!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="pers.zhb.controller"></context:component-scan>
        <!--静态资源过滤,让Springmvc不处理静态资源,如css、js等-->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
        <!--使得注解生效-->
        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
        <!--视图解析器,前缀和后缀-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
        </bean>
        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:interceptors>
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <mvc:mapping path="/*"></mvc:mapping><!--包括该请求下的所有请求-->
                <bean class="pers.zhb.config.MyInterceptor"></bean>
            </mvc:interceptor>
        </mvc:interceptors>
    </beans>

    (3)拦截器:

    public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("preHandle  qian");
            return true;//return true的话执行下一个拦截器
        }
    
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("postHandle  hou");
        }
    
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("afterCompletion  qingli");
        }
    }

    (4)处理器:

    @RestController
    public class TestController {
        @GetMapping("/test1")
        public String test1(){
            System.out.println("123");
            return "ok";
        }
    }

    (5)测试:

    3、登录判断验证

    (1)配置文件:applicationContext.xml,对视图解析器、拦截器进行配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
        <!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="pers.zhb.controller"></context:component-scan>
        <!--静态资源过滤,让Springmvc不处理静态资源,如css、js等-->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
        <!--使得注解生效-->
        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
        <!--视图解析器,前缀和后缀-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
        </bean>
        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:interceptors>
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <mvc:mapping path="/user/**"></mvc:mapping><!--包括该请求下的所有请求-->
                <bean class="pers.zhb.config.MyInterceptor"></bean>
            </mvc:interceptor>
        </mvc:interceptors>
    </beans>

    (2)页面:

    起始页:

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>$Title$</title>
      </head>
      <body>
      <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/gologin">登录</a></h1>
      <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/main">首页</a></h1>
      </body>
    </html>

    主页:

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h3>首页</h3>
    <span>${username}</span>
    <p>
        <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">注销</a>
    </p>
    </body>
    </html>

    登录页:

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Login</title>
    </head>
    <!--在WEB-INF下的所有页面或资源,只能通过servlet或controller进行访问-->
    <body>
       <h1>登录页面</h1>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

    登录页面需要控制器的方法

    (3)处理器:

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("user")
    public class LoginController {
        @RequestMapping("main")
        public String main(){
            return "main";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("gologin")
        public String login(){
            return "login";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("login")
        public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String password, Model model){
            session.setAttribute("userInfo",username);
            model.addAttribute("username",username);
            return "main";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("goOut")
        public String goOut(HttpSession session){
            session.removeAttribute("userInfo");
            return "main";
        }
    }

    因为在WEB-INF下的所有页面或资源,只能通过servlet或controller进行访问,因此,需要书写相应的方法实现页面的跳转

    (4)拦截器:

    public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
            HttpSession session=request.getSession();
            if(request.getRequestURI().contains("gologin")){
                return true;
            }
            if(request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
                return true;
            }
            if(session.getAttribute("userInfo")!=null){
                return true;
            }
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
                return false;
        }
    }

    当有名为userInfo的session证明已经登录成功则不进行拦截,在跳转到登录页或者提交登录页信息的时候也不进行拦截。其他情况会被请求转发到登录页,如:未登录的时候在起始页点击首页。

    (5)测试:

    起始页:

    登录页:

     登录成功:

     返回起始页点击首页:可以直接进入首页

     点击注销后,返回起始页再次点击首页,跳转到登录页:

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhai1997/p/12897788.html
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