本文基于课堂PPT笔记整理，主要介绍一下Sysbench及其简单使用，实验代码部分在代码中有重点注释，不另作说明。
一，基准测试
什么是数据库的基准测试？
数据库的基准测试是对数据库的性能指标进行定量的、可复现的、可对比的测试。
数据库的基准测试有何作用？
对数据库的基准测试的作用，就是分析在当前的配置下（包括硬件配置、OS、数据库设置等），数据库的性能表现，从而找出MySQL的性能阈值，并根据实际系统的要求调整配置。
基准测试可以理解为针对系统的一种压力测试。但基准测试不关心业务逻辑，更加简单、直接、易于测试，数据可以由工具生成，不要求真实；而压力测试一般考虑业务逻辑(如购物车业务)，要求真实的数据。
数据库的基准测试有哪些测试指标？
1）TPS/QPS：衡量吞吐量；
2）响应时间：包括平均响应时间、最小响应时间、最大响应时间、时间百分比等，其中时间百分比参考意义较大，如前95%的请求的最大响应时间；
3）并发量：同时处理的查询请求的数量。
二，Sysbench简介
Sysbench是跨平台的基准测试工具，支持多线程，支持多种数据库；主要包括以下几种测试：
cpu性能
磁盘io性能
调度程序性能
内存分配及传输速度
POSIX线程性能
数据库性能(OLTP基准测试)
Sysbench基本命令一览表：
☁ ~ sysbench --help
Usage:
sysbench [options]... [testname] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help
General options:
--threads=N number of threads to use [1]
--events=N limit for total number of events [0]
--time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [10]
--forced-shutdown=STRING number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or 'off' to disable [off]
--thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [64K]
--rate=N average transactions rate. 0 for unlimited rate [0]
--report-interval=N periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]
--report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
--debug[=on|off] print more debugging info [off]
--validate[=on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off]
--help[=on|off] print help and exit [off]
--version[=on|off] print version and exit [off]
--config-file=FILENAME File containing command line options
--tx-rate=N deprecated alias for --rate [0]
--max-requests=N deprecated alias for --events [0]
--max-time=N deprecated alias for --time [0]
--num-threads=N deprecated alias for --threads [1]
Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options:
--rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
--rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
--rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]
--rand-spec-res=N percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]
--rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
--rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distribution [0.2]
Log options:
--verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
--percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
--histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
General database options:
--db-driver=STRING specifies database driver to use ('help' to get list of available drivers) [mysql]
--db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
--db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
Compiled-in database drivers:
mysql - MySQL driver
mysql options:
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
--mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306]
--mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
--mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
--mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
--mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
--mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205]
--mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
See 'sysbench <testname> help' for a list of options for each test.
三，Mac安装使用Sysbench
☁ ~ brew install sysbench
# 添加路径
☁ ~ export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/mysql@5.7/lib"
☁ ~ export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/mysql@5.7/include"
# 查看版本
☁ ~ sysbench --version
# 测试自带lua脚本
☁ ~ sysbench --test=/usr/local/Cellar/sysbench/1.0.19/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.19 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
☁ ~ sysbench /usr/local/Cellar/sysbench/1.0.19/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua
sysbench 1.0.19 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
# 测试cpu
☁ ~ sysbench cpu --cpu-max-prime=20000 --threads=3 run
# 测试file，run是执行正式的测试，prepare是为测试提前准备数据，cleanup是在测试完成后对数据库进行清理
☁ ~ sysbench fileio --threads=16 --file-total-size=1G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare
☁ ~ sysbench fileio --threads=16 --file-total-size=1G --file-test-mode=rndrw run
☁ ~ sysbench fileio --threads=16 --file-total-size=1G --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup
# 测试threads
☁ ~ sysbench threads --threads=64 --thread-yields=100 --thread-locks=2 run
# 测试memory
☁ ~ sysbench memory --memory-block-size=8k --memory-total-size=40G run
# OLTP测试
☁ ~ sysbench /usr/local/Cellar/sysbench/1.0.19/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-table-engine=innodb --oltp-tables-count=3 --oltp-table-size=100000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=xxxxxxx --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql.sock prepare
☁ ~ sysbench /usr/local/Cellar/sysbench/1.0.19/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-table-engine=innodb --oltp-tables-count=3 --oltp-table-size=100000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=xxxxxx --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --max-time=60 --max-requests=0 --num-threads=8 --report-interval=10 run
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
WARNING: --max-time is deprecated, use --time instead
sysbench 1.0.19 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 8
Report intermediate results every 10 second(s)
Initializing random number generator from current time
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
[ 10s ] thds: 8 tps: 658.76 qps: 13182.94 (r/w/o: 9229.30/2635.43/1318.21) lat (ms,95%): 26.68 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 20s ] thds: 8 tps: 717.41 qps: 14350.05 (r/w/o: 10045.00/2870.13/1434.91) lat (ms,95%): 22.69 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 30s ] thds: 8 tps: 745.71 qps: 14914.47 (r/w/o: 10439.89/2983.15/1491.43) lat (ms,95%): 21.11 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 40s ] thds: 8 tps: 754.39 qps: 15085.46 (r/w/o: 10560.23/3016.45/1508.78) lat (ms,95%): 21.11 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 50s ] thds: 8 tps: 687.47 qps: 13749.32 (r/w/o: 9624.39/2749.98/1374.94) lat (ms,95%): 24.83 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 60s ] thds: 8 tps: 620.78 qps: 12417.29 (r/w/o: 8692.61/2483.12/1241.56) lat (ms,95%): 27.17 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
SQL statistics:
queries performed:
read: 585984
write: 167424
other: 83712
total: 837120
transactions: 41856 (697.33 per sec.)
queries: 837120 (13946.58 per sec.)
ignored errors: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
General statistics:
total time: 60.0215s
total number of events: 41856
Latency (ms):
min: 3.54
avg: 11.47
max: 138.32
95th percentile: 23.95
sum: 479897.13
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 5232.0000/18.17
execution time (avg/stddev): 59.9871/0.01
☁ ~ sysbench /usr/local/Cellar/sysbench/1.0.19/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua --mysql-table-engine=innodb --oltp-tables-count=3 --oltp-table-size=100000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=xxxxxxx --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --report-interval=10 cleanup
四，安装并使用TPCC-MYSQL
Tpcc-mysql默认自带的数据库比较大，约10G，请实验前保证磁盘空间充足。
# 下载源码
☁ tools git clone https://github.com/Percona-Lab/tpcc-mysql.git
# 配置mysql_config
☁ ~ sudo ln -s /usr/local/opt/mysql@5.7/bin/mysql_config /usr/local/bin/mysql_config
# Bulid binaries
☁ tools cd tpcc-mysql/src/
☁ src [master] ⚡ make
# Load data
☁ ~ mysqladmin -uroot -p create tpcc1000
☁ ~ mysql -uroot -p tpcc1000 < /home/tools/tpcc-mysql/create_table.sql
☁ ~ mysql -uroot -p tpcc1000 < /home/tools/tpcc-mysql/add_fkey_idx.sql
☁ tpcc-mysql [master] ⚡ ./tpcc_load -h127.0.0.1 -d tpcc1000 -uroot -pxxxxxx -w 100
# Start benchmark
☁ tpcc-mysql [master] ⚡ ./tpcc_start -h 127.0.0.1 -p 3306 -d tpcc1000 -uroot -p "xxxxxxx" -w 100 -c 10 -r 100 -l 300 -i 20 -f /var/log/tpcc_mysql.log -t /var/log/tpcc_mysql.rtx
....
<Constraint Check> (all must be [OK])
[transaction percentage]
Payment: 43.48% (>=43.0%) [OK]
Order-Status: 4.35% (>= 4.0%) [OK]
Delivery: 4.35% (>= 4.0%) [OK]
Stock-Level: 4.35% (>= 4.0%) [OK]
[response time (at least 90% passed)]
New-Order: 0.00% [NG] *
Payment: 30.49% [NG] *
Order-Status: 34.91% [NG] *
Delivery: 12.76% [NG] *
Stock-Level: 0.00% [NG] *
<TpmC>
4061.400 TpmC
五，遇到的问题及其解决方案
问题描述：ld: library not found for -lrt
解决方案：在
src/Makefile中去掉lrt，产生的错误按照提示去解决即可。
LIBS= `mysql_config --libs_r` # -lrt