Maven使用之三-使用Maven命令创建Java项目

2021-01-07

Maven使用之三-使用Maven命令创建Java项目

Maven是Java语言编写的，必须先配置Java环境，之后配置Maven环境。

Maven的一个重要作用就是统一管理jar包,为了一个项目可以build或运行,项目中不可避免的,会依赖很多其他的jar包,在Maven中,这些依赖就被称为dependency。

生成maven项目的原理是，依赖一个插件maven-archetype-plugin，然后这个插件自带一些archetype模版，也可以说成项目的骨架。

创建命令：mvn -Dxxx=yyy  指定Java全局属性;

这里我的目录D:ProjectsjavaMvnProject，在该目录下执行

mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 -DgroupId=com.mycompany.mypro -DartifactId=my-project -Dversion=0.1 -DinteractiveMode=false

或者

mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 -DgroupId=com.mycompany.mypro -DartifactId=my-project -Dversion=0.1 -DinteractiveMode=false -DarchetypeCatalog=local

命令说明：生成maven项目的原理是，依赖一个插件maven-archetype-plugin，然后这个插件自带一些archetype模版，也可以说成项目的骨架。

DarchetypeGroupId指定了用那个模版（骨架）的GroupId

DarchetypeArtifactId是指定了用那个模版（骨架）ArtifactId

当它等于maven-archetype-quickstart，创建一个简单的 Java 应用；maven-archetype-webapp，创建一个Web Project

DarchetypeVersion是指定了用那个模版（骨架）的版本

DgroupId 组织标识（包名），代表的是唯一的一个标识，比如一个组织或者一个项目的名字，基本上是唯一的，以这个maven为例就是org.apache.maven。

DartifactId 项目名称，代表的是名字，如果刚刚那个有点像身份证，这个就是类似姓名的东西。

Dversion 就是版本号，比如1.2.1版本这样的。

DinteractiveMode 是否使用交互模式

结果如下所示：

[D:ProjectsjavaMvnProject]$ mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 -DgroupId=com.mycompany.mypro -DartifactId=my-project -Dversion=0.1 -DinteractiveMode=false
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.1:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.1:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.1:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[WARNING] No archetype found in remote catalog. Defaulting to internal catalog
[INFO] Archetype repository not defined. Using the one from [org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1] found in catalog internal
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.4
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.mycompany.mypro
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: my-project
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 0.1
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.mycompany.mypro
[INFO] Parameter: packageInPathFormat, Value: com/mycompany/mypro
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.mycompany.mypro
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 0.1
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.mycompany.mypro
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: my-project
[INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: D:ProjectsjavaMvnProjectmy-project
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.215 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-01-07T15:38:58+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

生成的目录结构及内容：

my-project（项目根目录）
  |--src
  |    |--main（主目录）
  |    |    |--java（存放项目的.java文件）
  |    |    |    |--com
  |    |    |    |    |--mycompany
  |    |    |    |    |    |--mypro
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |--App.java
  |    |--test（测试代码目录）
  |    |    |--java
  |    |    |    |--com
  |    |    |    |    |--mycompany
  |    |    |    |    |    |--mypro
  |    |    |    |    |    |    |--AppTest.java
  |--pom.xml（用于标识该项目是一个Maven项目）

其中App.java如下：

package com.mycompany.mypro;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
    }
}

AppTest.java如下：

package com.mycompany.mypro;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Unit test for simple App.
 */
public class AppTest 
{
    /**
     * Rigorous Test :-)
     */
    @Test
    public void shouldAnswerWithTrue()
    {
        assertTrue( true );
    }
}

pom.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.mycompany.mypro</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>0.1</version>

  <name>my-project</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

我自己新加了两个文件：myproject.txt  myproject.bat

myproject.txt 项目的说明文件

myproject.bat 项目的执行脚本

myproject.bat 如下：

@REM Begin all REM lines with '@' in case MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO is 'on'
@echo off
@REM set title of command window
title %0

@REM 当前脚本文件所在的路径
set CurProPath=%~dp0
@REM 设置 java文件目录
set JavaPath=%CurProPath%srcmainjava
@REM 设置 java文件测试目录
set JavaTestPath=%CurProPath%src	estjava
@REM 设置资源目录
set JavaResourcePath=%JavaPath%resources
@REM 设置 class 目录
set JavaClassPath=%CurProPath%targetclasses
@REM 设置基础包名
set GroupIdPath=commycompanymypro
set GroupId=com.mycompany.mypro

@setlocal

set ERROR_CODE=0

@REM To isolate internal variables from possible post scripts, we use another setlocal
@setlocal

@REM ==== START VALIDATION ====
if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto OkJHome

echo.
echo Error: JAVA_HOME not found in your environment. >&2
echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the >&2
echo location of your Java installation. >&2
echo.
goto error

:OkJHome
if exist "%JAVA_HOME%injava.exe" goto OkMHome
echo.
echo Error: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory. >&2
echo JAVA_HOME = "%JAVA_HOME%" >&2
echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the >&2
echo location of your Java installation. >&2
echo.
goto error

:OkMHome
set MAVEN_HOME=E:Programsmavenapache-maven-3.6.3
if exist "%MAVEN_HOME%inmvn.cmd" goto init
echo.
echo Error: MAVEN_HOME is set to an invalid directory. >&2
echo MAVEN_HOME = "%MAVEN_HOME%" >&2
echo Please set the MAVEN_HOME variable in your environment to match the >&2
echo location of your Maven installation. >&2
echo.
goto error

@REM ==== END VALIDATION ====

:init

call %MAVEN_HOME%inmvn validate compile test
@REM call %MAVEN_HOME%inmvn compile
@REM call %MAVEN_HOME%inmvn test

set lib=.;targetclasses

@REM %JAVA_HOME%injava -classpath targetclasses %GroupId%.App
%JAVA_HOME%injava -classpath %lib% %GroupId%.App

exit
@pause

命令行中执行脚本：

先切换到该项目的目录下，该目录有pom.xml
.myproject.bat

执行结果如下：

生成的结构如下：