zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • SpringCloud微服务基础

    1、传统项目架构 

    传统项目分为三层架构,将业务逻辑层、数据库访问层、控制层放入在一个项目中。适合于个人或者小团队开发,不适合大团队开发。

     

    2、分布式项目架构(解耦方案)

    根据业务需求进行拆分成N个子系统,多个子系统相互协作才能完成业务流程,子系统之间通讯使用RPC远程通讯技术。

    优点:

    1.把模块拆分,使用接口通信,降低模块之间的耦合度。

    2.把项目拆分成若干个子项目,不同的团队负责不同的子项目。

    3.增加功能时只需要再增加一个子项目,调用其它系统的接口就可以。

    4.可以灵活的进行分布式部署。

    缺点:

    1.系统之间交互需要使用远程通信,接口开发增加工作量。

    2.各个模块有一些通用的业务逻辑无法共用。

     

    3、集群(解决高并发)
    多台服务器部署相同代码的应用,构成一个集群
    作用:通过负载均衡设备共同对外提供服务

     

    4、RPC远程调用

    RPC 的全称是 Remote Procedure Call 是一种进程间通信方式。比如两台服务器A,B,一个应用部署在A服务器上,想要调用B服务器上应用提供的方法,由于不在一个内存空间,不能直接调用,这时候需要通过就可以应用RPC框架的实现来解决

    RPC远程调用框架:

    (1)RMI实现,利用java.rmi包实现,基于Java远程方法协议(Java Remote Method Protocol) 和java的原生序列化。 

    (2)Hessian,是一个轻量级的remoting onhttp工具,使用简单的方法提供了RMI的功能。 基于HTTP协议,采用二进制编解码。 

    (3)thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的软件框架。thrift允许你定义一个描述文件,描述数据类型和服务接口。依据该文件,编译器方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信代码。

    (4)SpringCloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。

    (5) Dubbo是阿里巴巴公司开源的一个高性能优秀的服务框架,使得应用可通过高性能的 RPC 实现服务的输出和输入功能,可以和 Spring框架无缝集成。

     

    5、面向于服务架构(SOA)

    业务系统分解为多个组件,让每个组件都独立提供离散,自治,可复用的服务能力,通过服务的组合和编排来实现上层的业务流程

    作用:简化维护,降低整体风险,伸缩灵活

    缺点:网络延迟、维护复杂、不好整合、编写复杂

    通讯协议SOAP: HTTP+XML序列化与反序列化(重量级)

     

    6、微服务架构

    SOA的升级,更加细分、轻量级、独立运行

    通讯协议:HTTP+JSON+rest风格

     

    7、SpringCloud

    SpringCloud 为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理、注册中心(服务发现、服务注册)、断路器、路由、负载均衡、接口网关(ZUUL)微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等。

    rest、feign:客户端调用(HttpClient)

    ribbon:负载均衡

    zuul:接口网关

    eureka:服务注册

     

    8、服务的注册与发现

     


    9、什么是Eureka

    Eureka是Netflix开源的一个RESTful服务,主要用于服务的注册发现。Eureka由两个组件组成:Eureka服务器和Eureka客户端。Eureka服务器用作服务注册服务器。Eureka客户端是一个java客户端,用来简化与服务器的交互、作为轮询负载均衡器,并提供服务的故障切换支持。

     

    10、分布式服务调用案例

    创建Eureka注册中心项目

      创建application.yml文件,添加配置:

    server:
      port: 8888
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost
      client:
        registerWithEureka: false
        fetchRegistry: false
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

      在pom.xml文件中添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>eurekaserver</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>eurekaserver</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!--eureka server -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    </project>

     创建EurekaserverApplication.java文件:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaServer
    public class EurekaserverApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaserverApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

    启动项目:http://127.0.0.1:8888/,Eureka注册中心启动成功界面

     

    创建Service_Menber生产者项目,类似于Eureka项目的创建过程

    添加配置

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8762
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-member

    添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>servicemember</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>servicemember</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>

    添加Java类:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    public class ServicememberApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ServicememberApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    public class MemberController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/getMemberAll")
        public List<String> getUserList() {
            List<String> listUser = new ArrayList<String>();
            listUser.add("zhangsan");
            listUser.add("lisi");
            listUser.add("zhang");
            return listUser;
        }
    
    }

    启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8762/getMemberAll,检查Service_Menber项目能否正常运行

    创建消费者项目,Service_Order(基于Rest访问)

    添加配置:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-order

    添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>serciceorder</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>serciceorder</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    </project>

    添加Java代码:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SerciceorderApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(SerciceorderApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.controller;
    
    import com.zhang.service.OrderMemberService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {
        @Autowired
        private OrderMemberService orderMemberService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/getOrderUserAll")
        public List<String> getOrderUserAll() {
            System.out.println("订单服务开始调用会员服务");
            return orderMemberService.getOrderUserAll();
    
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.service;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Service
    public class OrderMemberService {
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public List<String> getOrderUserAll() {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-member/getMemberAll", List.class);
        }
    
    }

    启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8764/getOrderUserAll,显示出Service_Menber的内容,说明三个项目搭建成功

    创建消费者项目(基于Feign)

    添加配置:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8765
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-order-feign

    添加依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>feign</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
                </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    </project>

    添加Java文件:

    package com.zhang;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class FeignApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    package com.zhang.controller;
    
    import com.zhang.service.OrderService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {
    
        @Autowired
        private OrderService orderService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/getFeignOrderByUserList")
        public List<String> getFeignOrderByUserList() {
            return orderService.getOrderByUserList();
        }
    }
    package com.zhang.service;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @FeignClient("service-member")
    public interface OrderService {
        @RequestMapping("/getMemberAll")
        public List<String> getOrderByUserList();
    }

    启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8765/getFeignOrderByUserList,显示内容与Service_Menber一样,说明搭建成功

    到此简单的分布式项目搭建成功。。。。。

    整个项目代码:https://download.csdn.net/download/u013865056/10911669

     

     

     

  • 相关阅读:
    poj 2728 Desert King
    uva 439 Knight Moves
    hdu 1875 畅通工程再续
    scau实验题 8600 骑士周游问题(有障碍物)
    scau实验题 8596 Longest Ordered Subsequence
    poj 1679 The Unique MST
    uva 527 Oil Deposits
    poj 2533 Longest Ordered Subsequence
    .net 程序员 java 开发入门
    Collation conflict occur at operation on User define funtion & table's column
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangjinru123/p/10241710.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看