1. 系统与安装数据库
1 [root@zhang ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release # 也可以使用其他版本 2 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 3 [root@zhang ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server # CentOS7的mysql数据库为mariadb 4 ……………… 5 [root@zhang ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service # 开机自启动mariadb 6 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service. 7 [root@zhang ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service # 启动mariadb 8 [root@zhang ~]# systemctl status mariadb.service # 查看mariadb服务状态 9 ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server 10 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) 11 Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-05-23 17:13:35 CST; 6s ago 12 Process: 1755 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) 13 Process: 1675 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) 14 ………………
2. 数据库准备工作
2.1. 数据库字符集修改
2.1.1. 数据库版本信息
MariaDB [(none)]> select version(); +----------------+ | version() | +----------------+ | 5.5.56-MariaDB | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.1.2. 支持哪些字符集
1 MariaDB [(none)]> show CHARACTER SET; 2 ## 字符集 描述 默认校对规则 最大长度 3 +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 4 | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | 5 +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 6 | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | 7 | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | 8 | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | 9 | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | 10 | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | 11 | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | 12 | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | 13 | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | 14 | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | 15 | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | 16 | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | 17 | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | 18 | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | 19 | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | 20 | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | 21 | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | 22 | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | 23 | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | 24 | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | 25 | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | 26 | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | 27 | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | 28 | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | 29 | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | 30 | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | 31 | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | 32 | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | 33 | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | 34 | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | 35 | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | 36 | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | 37 | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | 38 | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | 39 | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | 40 | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | 41 | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | 42 | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | 43 | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | 44 | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | 45 +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 46 39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.1.3. 当前数据库默认字符集
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%character_set%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | ## 客户端来源数据使用的字符集 | character_set_connection | utf8 | ## 连接层字符集 | character_set_database | latin1 | ## 当前选中数据库的默认字符集 | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | ## 查询结果返回字符集 | character_set_server | latin1 | ## 默认的内部操作字符集【服务端（数据库）字符】 | character_set_system | utf8 | ## 系统元数据(字段名等)字符集【Linux系统字符集】 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.1.4. 修改字符集为utf8
1 [root@zhang ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 2 [client] 3 default-character-set=utf8 4 5 [mysqld] 6 character-set-server=utf8 7 datadir=/var/lib/mysql 8 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 9 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks 10 symbolic-links=0 11 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. 12 # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, 13 # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the 14 # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd 15 16 [mysqld_safe] 17 log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log 18 pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid 19 20 # 21 # include all files from the config directory 22 # 23 !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d 24 25 [root@zhang ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service # 重启mariadb 26 27 # 字符集查看 28 MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%character_set%'; 29 +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 30 | Variable_name | Value | 31 +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 32 | character_set_client | utf8 | 33 | character_set_connection | utf8 | 34 | character_set_database | utf8 | 35 | character_set_filesystem | binary | 36 | character_set_results | utf8 | 37 | character_set_server | utf8 | 38 | character_set_system | utf8 | 39 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 40 +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 41 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2. 数据库建库、授权操作
2.2.1. 创建数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zhangtest01; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show create database zhangtest01; +-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | zhangtest01 | CREATE DATABASE `zhangtest01` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | zhangtest01 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2.2. 授权
1 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zhangtest01.* to zhang01@'%' identified by 'zhang01'; # 错误授权【大表操作时会失败】 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 3 4 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to zhang06@'%' identified by 'zhang06'; # 正确授权 5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 6 7 MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; # 刷新权限 8 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 9 10 MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for zhang01@'%' ; 11 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 12 | Grants for zhang01@% | 13 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 14 | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhang01'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4D6E977808109CE3DEEDEDA4E3EA17CE0F9CC8C1' | 15 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `zhangtest01`.* TO 'zhang01'@'%' | 16 +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 17 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 18 19 MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for zhang06@'%' ; 20 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 21 | Grants for zhang06@% | 22 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 23 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'zhang06'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*45D6EF2FFF78EB89123D0056C9AE2FC6BA6DA0E7' | 24 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 25 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 26 27 mysql> show variables like '%connect%'; 28 +--------------------------+-----------------+ 29 | Variable_name | Value | 30 +--------------------------+-----------------+ 31 | character_set_connection | utf8 | 32 | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | 33 | connect_timeout | 10 | 34 | extra_max_connections | 1 | 35 | init_connect | | 36 | max_connect_errors | 10 | 37 | max_connections | 151 | 38 | max_user_connections | 0 | 39 +--------------------------+-----------------+ 40 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) 41 42 mysql> show status like '%connect%'; # 连接信息 43 +--------------------------+-------+ 44 | Variable_name | Value | 45 +--------------------------+-------+ 46 | Aborted_connects | 11 | 47 | Connections | 36 | 48 | Max_used_connections | 9 | 49 | Ssl_client_connects | 0 | 50 | Ssl_connect_renegotiates | 0 | 51 | Ssl_finished_connects | 0 | 52 | Threads_connected | 5 | 53 +--------------------------+-------+ 54 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.3. 数据库建表、插入数据
2.3.1. 建表语句
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2.3.2. 插入语句示例
INSERT INTO `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test` (`id`, `name`, `address`) VALUES ('0', 'test0', '中国XX省XX市0');
2.3.3. 对应的批量SQL语句脚本
[root@zhang database]# vim batch_insert.sh #!/bin/sh for i in `echo {1..2000000}`;do echo "INSERT INTO zhangtest01.zhang_test (id, name, address) VALUES ('${i}', 'test${i}', '中国XX省XX市${i}'); " done
执行脚本将插入数据放到一个文本中，之后导入数据库即可
3. percona-toolkit安装【可以在另外一台机器】
# 官网下载
[root@zhang tools]# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.10/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-toolkit-3.0.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm ……………… [root@zhang tools]# yum install -y percona-toolkit-3.0.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm ……………… [root@docker01 tools]# pt-online-schema-change --help # 帮助文档 ………………
4. 大表DDL操作
4.1. 添加表字段【并保存原始表】
1 [root@docker01 tools]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --nodrop-old-table --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "add uuid varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'UUID' after id" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute # 语句 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T13:02:13 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T13:02:13 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T13:02:13 Copying approximately 2006480 rows... 19 Copying `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`: 74% 00:10 remain 20 2018-05-23T13:02:21 Copied rows OK. 21 2018-05-23T13:02:21 Swapping tables... 22 2018-05-23T13:02:21 Swapped original and new tables OK. 23 Not dropping old table because --no-drop-old-table was specified. 24 2018-05-23T13:02:21 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T13:02:21 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.1.1. 修改后的表结构
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'UUID', `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4.1.2. 命令参数说明
--nocheck-replication-filters 不检查复制过滤器【有主从复制也照样执行】 --[no]drop-old-table 操作完后是否删除原始表【默认TRUE】 --critical-load="Threads_running=1000" # 终止拷贝【不优先使用】 类似于--max-load，不同的是检测到超高负载时会直接中断OSC进程而不是暂停 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" # 暂停拷贝【优先使用】 默认如果检测到服务器负载过重会暂停操作 检查每个块后显示全局状态，如果负载太高暂停（默认Threads_running＝25） D=zhangtest01 操作的哪个数据库 t=zhang_test 操作哪张表 --execute 执行操作
4.2. 修改表字段
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "MODIFY uuid varchar(80)" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute 2 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "MODIFY uuid int(11)" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute 3 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 4 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 5 Operation, tries, wait: 6 analyze_table, 10, 1 7 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 8 create_triggers, 10, 1 9 drop_triggers, 10, 1 10 swap_tables, 10, 1 11 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 12 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 13 Creating new table... 14 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 15 Altering new table... 16 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 17 2018-05-23T22:11:15 Creating triggers... 18 2018-05-23T22:11:15 Created triggers OK. 19 2018-05-23T22:11:15 Copying approximately 2005915 rows... 20 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Copied rows OK. 21 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Swapping tables... 22 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Swapped original and new tables OK. 23 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Dropping old table... 24 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 25 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Dropping triggers... 26 2018-05-23T22:11:22 Dropped triggers OK. 27 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.3. 删除表字段
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "DROP uuid" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T22:04:38 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T22:04:38 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T22:04:38 Copying approximately 1996965 rows... 19 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Copied rows OK. 20 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Swapping tables... 21 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Swapped original and new tables OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Dropping old table... 23 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T22:04:47 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.4. 添加表索引
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "ADD INDEX index_name(name)" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute # ADD INDEX indexName(columnName) 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T22:16:59 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T22:16:59 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T22:16:59 Copying approximately 2013664 rows... 19 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Copied rows OK. 20 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Swapping tables... 21 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Swapped original and new tables OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Dropping old table... 23 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T22:17:12 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.4.1. 修改后的表结构
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4.5. 删除表索引
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "DROP INDEX index_name" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute # DROP INDEX indexName 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T22:19:31 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T22:19:31 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T22:19:31 Copying approximately 2005445 rows... 19 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Copied rows OK. 20 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Swapping tables... 21 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Swapped original and new tables OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Dropping old table... 23 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T22:19:38 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.6. 添加唯一索引
1 ##### 注意：确保字段中数据的唯一性，不然会丢失数据 2 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --nocheck-unique-key-change --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "ADD UNIQUE uniq_index_name(name)" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute # ADD UNIQUE uniqueName(columnName) 3 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 4 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 5 Operation, tries, wait: 6 analyze_table, 10, 1 7 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 8 create_triggers, 10, 1 9 drop_triggers, 10, 1 10 swap_tables, 10, 1 11 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 12 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 13 Creating new table... 14 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 15 Altering new table... 16 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 17 2018-05-23T22:24:31 Creating triggers... 18 2018-05-23T22:24:31 Created triggers OK. 19 2018-05-23T22:24:31 Copying approximately 2005445 rows... 20 Copying `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`: 69% 00:13 remain 21 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Copied rows OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Swapping tables... 23 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Swapped original and new tables OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Dropping old table... 25 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 26 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Dropping triggers... 27 2018-05-23T22:24:44 Dropped triggers OK. 28 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.6.1. 修改后的表结构
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `uniq_index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4.6.2. 命令参数说明
--nocheck-unique-key-change
添加该参数选项，才可以添加唯一索引
4.7. 删除唯一索引
1 ##### 与删除普通索引一样 2 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "DROP INDEX uniq_index_name" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute # DROP UNIQUE uniqueName 3 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 4 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 5 Operation, tries, wait: 6 analyze_table, 10, 1 7 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 8 create_triggers, 10, 1 9 drop_triggers, 10, 1 10 swap_tables, 10, 1 11 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 12 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 13 Creating new table... 14 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 15 Altering new table... 16 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 17 2018-05-23T22:35:12 Creating triggers... 18 2018-05-23T22:35:12 Created triggers OK. 19 2018-05-23T22:35:12 Copying approximately 2005445 rows... 20 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Copied rows OK. 21 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Swapping tables... 22 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Swapped original and new tables OK. 23 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Dropping old table... 24 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 25 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Dropping triggers... 26 2018-05-23T22:35:19 Dropped triggers OK. 27 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.8. 删除表主键
4.8.1. 重要说明
对主键修改的步骤： 1、保证有一个唯一索引【如果没有那么就添加一个唯一索引】 2、删除原主键 3、添加新主键 4、删除之前的唯一索引【可选】 原因如下： The new table `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` does not have a PRIMARY KEY or a unique index which is required for the DELETE trigger.
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --nocheck-alter --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "DROP PRIMARY KEY" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T22:45:28 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T22:45:28 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T22:45:28 Copying approximately 2005445 rows... 19 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Copied rows OK. 20 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Swapping tables... 21 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Swapped original and new tables OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Dropping old table... 23 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T22:45:42 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.8.2. 修改后的表结构【没有主键了，但有唯一索引】
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, UNIQUE KEY `uniq_index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4.8.3. 命令参数说明
--[no]check-alter 解析-ALTER指定并尝试警告可能的意外行为（默认为“是”） 如果没有改选项，修改会失败
4.9. 添加表主键
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --nocheck-alter --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T22:47:23 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T22:47:23 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T22:47:23 Copying approximately 2227360 rows... 19 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Copied rows OK. 20 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Swapping tables... 21 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Swapped original and new tables OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Dropping old table... 23 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T22:47:36 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.9.1. 修改后的表结构
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `uniq_index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4.10. 多个操作合一
1 [root@docker01 ~]# pt-online-schema-change -h172.16.1.14 -uzhang06 -pzhang06 --nocheck-replication-filters --charset=UTF8 --max-load="Threads_running=1000" --alter "add last_name varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '姓名' after name, ADD INDEX index_address(address), add birthday date COMMENT '生日'" D=zhangtest01,t=zhang_test --execute 2 No slaves found. See --recursion-method if host zhang has slaves. 3 Not checking slave lag because no slaves were found and --check-slave-lag was not specified. 4 Operation, tries, wait: 5 analyze_table, 10, 1 6 copy_rows, 10, 0.25 7 create_triggers, 10, 1 8 drop_triggers, 10, 1 9 swap_tables, 10, 1 10 update_foreign_keys, 10, 1 11 Altering `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`... 12 Creating new table... 13 Created new table zhangtest01._zhang_test_new OK. 14 Altering new table... 15 Altered `zhangtest01`.`_zhang_test_new` OK. 16 2018-05-23T22:55:17 Creating triggers... 17 2018-05-23T22:55:17 Created triggers OK. 18 2018-05-23T22:55:17 Copying approximately 1990757 rows... 19 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Copied rows OK. 20 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Swapping tables... 21 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Swapped original and new tables OK. 22 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Dropping old table... 23 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Dropped old table `zhangtest01`.`__zhang_test_old` OK. 24 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Dropping triggers... 25 2018-05-23T22:55:39 Dropped triggers OK. 26 Successfully altered `zhangtest01`.`zhang_test`.
4.10.1. 修改前的表结构
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `uniq_index_name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
4.10.2. 修改后的表结构
CREATE TABLE `zhang_test` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL, `uuid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `last_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '姓名', `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `birthday` date DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `uniq_index_name` (`name`), KEY `index_address` (`address`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;