一.POOL
Pool就是为了多线程访问数据库,减少数据库压力
回顾pymysql
import pymysql #建立连接 mysql_conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="root", password="", charset="utf8", db="day115") #创建游标 c = mysql_conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) sql = "select * from users WHERE name='jwb' and age=73 " # 光标执行sql # res为生成几行 res = c.execute(sql) #获取结果 print(c.fetchall()) c.close() mysql_conn.close()
创建POOL
import pymysql from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB POOL = PooledDB( creator=pymysql, # 使用链接数据库的模块 maxconnections=6, # 连接池允许的最大连接数，0和None表示不限制连接数 mincached=2, # 初始化时，链接池中至少创建的空闲的链接，0表示不创建 maxcached=5, # 链接池中最多闲置的链接，0和None不限制 maxshared=3, # 链接池中最多共享的链接数量，0和None表示全部共享。PS: 无用，因为pymysql和MySQLdb等模块的 threadsafety都为1，所有值无论设置为多少，_maxcached永远为0，所以永远是所有链接都共享。 blocking=True, # 连接池中如果没有可用连接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后报错 maxusage=None, # 一个链接最多被重复使用的次数，None表示无限制 setsession=[], # 开始会话前执行的命令列表。如：["set datestyle to ...", "set time zone ..."] ping=0, # ping MySQL服务端，检查是否服务可用。 # 如：0 = None = never, # 1 = default = whenever it is requested, # 2 = when a cursor is created, # 4 = when a query is executed, # 7 = always host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="root", password="", charset="utf8", db="day115" ) # # conn = POOL.connection() # pymysql - conn # cur = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) # # sql = "select * from users WHERE name='jwb' and age=73 " # # res = cur.execute(sql) # # # print(cur.fetchall()) # # conn.close()
执行线程池
from dbpool import POOL import pymysql def create_conn(): conn = POOL.connection() cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) return conn,cursor def close_conn(conn,cursor): cursor.close() conn.close() def insert(sql,args): conn,cursor = create_conn() res = cursor.execute(sql,args) conn.commit() close_conn(conn,cursor) return res def fetch_one(sql,args): conn,cursor = create_conn() cursor.execute(sql,args) res = cursor.fetchone() close_conn(conn,cursor) return res def fetch_all(sql,args): conn,cursor = create_conn() cursor.execute(sql,args) res = cursor.fetchall() close_conn(conn,cursor) return res # sql = "insert into users(name,age) VALUES (%s, %s)" # insert(sql,("mjj",9)) sql = "select * from users where name=%s and age=%s" print(fetch_one(sql,("mjj",9)))
二.socket握手
就是在客户端请求头中获取Sec-WebSocket-Key与宝藏magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'进行匹配
当与客户端验证成功后就已经进行了握手
import socket, base64, hashlib sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9527)) sock.listen(5) # 获取客户端socket对象 conn, address = sock.accept() # 获取客户端的【握手】信息 data = conn.recv(1024) print(data) """ GET /ws HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:9527 Connection: Upgrade Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36 Upgrade: websocket Origin: http://localhost:63342 Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 Cookie: session=a6f96c20-c59e-4f33-84d9-c664a2f29dfc Sec-WebSocket-Key: MAZZU5DPIxWmhk/UWL2+BA== #这个就是那把钥匙 Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits """ # 以下动作是有websockethandler完成的 # magic string为：258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11 def get_headers(data): #在获取的data列表中通过分割获取Sec-WebSocket-Key header_dict = {} header_str = data.decode("utf8") for i in header_str.split(" "): if str(i).startswith("Sec-WebSocket-Key"): header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip() return header_dict headers = get_headers(data) # 提取请求头信息 # magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11' #Sec-WebSocket-Key: MAZZU5DPIxWmhk/UWL2+BA== value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string print(value) #将钥匙Sec-WebSocket-Key和宝藏magic_string进行加密 ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest()) # 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密 response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols " "Upgrade:websocket " "Connection: Upgrade " "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s " "WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527 " print(ac.decode('utf-8')) response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8')) # 响应【握手】信息 conn.send(response_str.encode("utf8")) # while True: msg = conn.recv(8096) print(msg)
需要在前端中访问
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> </head> <body> </body> <script type="application/javascript"> var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:9527/ws"); </script> </html>
发现,在前端发送的数据vm.send("abc)发到后端的数据是加密的,需要进行解密
解密方法
比如发送到服务端的是
b'x81x83Hxc0xxa6yxf2K'
第一个为统一的的x81,用它的后一位与127求^,结果分三种 小于等于125,126,127
然后根据后面的数据长度/密码/数据/进行解密
#b'x81x89xf3x99x81-x15x05x01xcbOx1bex97]' #b'x81x85sx92ax10x1bxf7 |x1c' #b'x81x83Hxc0xxa6yxf2K' hashstr = b'x81x85sx92ax10x1bxf7 |x1c' # b'x81 x85s x92ax10x1bxf7 |x1c' <126 # x85s = 5 hashstr = b'x81xfex02xdcx8dxe8-xb2hmxa5W5uxc8:x16x0cx95(ktx87Wx00bxc52x01x0cx95x1fdixbeW9Axcbx1cx0fx07x91>iSxa7W)Axc9 x06x0cx95;h`xab]1dxca)x07 x9a,j~x9fW1bxc2x0ex01x0ex80x16eGxb7Wx00Yxcb2( x80*iRx8cV4cxcax15x06x0cx94-nhxafU ^xc9x0cx00 xa0x19iQxa6Z Kxc9 x00x0exaa:iRxa3Wx0bmxc2x0ex01 x92x12hWxbaV4cxc8x11& x92*eRx86V7fxc8x16x1bx00xad7bTxa1Ux16~xc5 0 xa8:hPxb0V4cxcbx1cx07x01xac5bTxa1T!Zxcb8(x0cx949iRxa3[x14sxc9 x06x0cx94-nhxafZ"rxc8x1cx11 x912hTx8dWx11Kxc8"!x07x91>iSx88Wx08axc87x05 x95/dixbaW3_xc2x0ex01x0exacx10hTxb5W2x7fxc8x11&x0cx949kXxb9]1dxc9 x00 x83.hNxa9Z Bxc5=?x00xbb6bTxa1W1}xc8$6 x89x03iQxa4]1dxc9 ( x8c,hWx8dZ=gxc9x0bx06x00x9ax1diQxb2Q jxc8x1c&x0cx95x1fhRxb1V5Exc2x0ex01x0cx92x03iPx97V5hxc9x0fx1ex07x91>dqxb2U0rxc55* xbdx14bTxa1V5exc8x1cx11 x910hxxa1Q jxc59(x0exb1;iUxb1W(Pxca8"x0fx8a#hgxa7V5Rxc8 - xbb6ehxa8]1dxc8x1cx11x0cx96*ktxa4Wx02Pxc5x1c7 xa8x04h`xbcZ8gxc2x0ex01x0cx96x17kpx80[x14sxc9 x06 x94x01kpxa3V4cxca"x0bx07x91>iPxa0W#txc83x02x0fx8a3bTxa1V0Wxc84x08 x89$hTxafT>}xc9x0bx12x0bxad0iVxa0V5Exce2x0cx0cx93?dkxa3[x0eExcb&5x0cx949nhxacZ9Qxcax17x03x0bxad3eyx8eWx08ixcax1fx04x07x91>kEx89Ux17nxc5;" x83,bTxa1W2x7fxc5+x1c x92x12jRx82]1dxcb*"x0cx96x17hmxa5W5uxcax1c x0exa6&iSx88[x0cx7fxc4+x16x0cx959nhxafT rxc9 (x0cx95x08hFx86V5Exc9x0bx06x0cx979bTxa1V7cxcb%- x89x15hXxa2]1dxcb0x04x0cx96x17hzx85V4cxc2x0ex01x0fxa9x04hxxa3Tx1bUxc5x13x01x07x91>hWxa8Zx0eUxc5x11%x00x8cx17dpxb4T1gxc2x0ex01x0exb1;kaxadW4Wxca)x07x0bxad0' # print(chushibiao[1],chushibiao[1]&127) # print(chushibiao[2:4],chushibiao[4:8]) # 将第二个字节也就是 x83 第9-16位 进行与127进行位运算 payload = hashstr[1] & 127 print(payload) if payload == 127: extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:10] mask = hashstr[10:14] decoded = hashstr[14:] # 当位运算结果等于127时,则第3-10个字节为数据长度 # 第11-14字节为mask 解密所需字符串 # 则数据为第15字节至结尾 if payload == 126: extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:4] mask = hashstr[4:8] decoded = hashstr[8:] # 当位运算结果等于126时,则第3-4个字节为数据长度 # 第5-8字节为mask 解密所需字符串 # 则数据为第9字节至结尾 if payload <= 125: extend_payload_len = None mask = hashstr[2:6] decoded = hashstr[6:] # 当位运算结果小于等于125时,则这个数字就是数据的长度 # 第3-6字节为mask 解密所需字符串 # 则数据为第7字节至结尾 str_byte = bytearray() # b'x81 x85s x92ax10x1b xf7 |x1c' <126 for i in range(len(decoded)): # 0 xf7 ^ x92a 1 ^ x10 x1c ^ x1b byte = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4] str_byte.append(byte) print(str_byte.decode("utf8"))
加密方法:
import struct msg_bytes = "the emperor has not been half-baked in the early days of the collapse of the road, today down three points, yizhou weakness, this serious crisis autumn".encode("utf8") token = b"x81" # + 数据长度/运算位 + mask/数据长度 + mask/数据 + 数据 length = len(msg_bytes) if length < 126: token += struct.pack("B", length) elif length == 126: token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length) else: token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length) msg = token + msg_bytes print(msg)