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  • .NetCore上传多文件的几种示例

    本章和大家分享的是.NetCore的MVC框架上传文件的示例,主要讲的内容有:form方式提交上传,ajax上传,ajax提交+上传进度效果Task并行处理+ajax提交+上传进度

    form方式上传一组图片

    上传文件必须要设置form元素里面的 enctype="multipart/form-data" 属性和post方式,如果你想要多选上传文件的话,需要把文件type='file'元素设置她的属性multiple='multiple',内容:

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    <form class="form-horizontal" action="/Home/FileUp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
     
                   <input type="file" name="MyPhoto" class="form-control" multiple />
                   <br />
                   <button class="btn btn-default">form上传</button>
                   <br />
                   <span style="color:red">@ViewData["MsgBox"]</span>
               </form>

    由于采用form提交,这个测试用例只接用了button元素默认的type=submit来提交表单,对应的后台Action中代码如下:

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    /// <summary>
            /// form提交上传
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="user"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            [HttpPost]
            public async Task<IActionResult> FileUp(MoUser user)
            {
                if (user.MyPhoto == null || user.MyPhoto.Count <= 0) { MsgBox("请上传图片。"); return View(); }
                //var file = Request.Form.Files;
                foreach (var file in user.MyPhoto)
                {
                    var fileName = file.FileName;
                    var contentType = file.ContentType;
                    var len = file.Length;
     
                    var fileType = new string[] { "image/jpeg""image/png" };
                    if (!fileType.Any(b => b.Contains(contentType))) { MsgBox($"只能上传{string.Join(",", fileType)}格式的图片。"); return View(); }
     
                    if (len > 1024 * 1024 * 4) { MsgBox("上传图片大小只能在4M以下。"); return View(); }
     
                    var path = Path.Combine(@"D:F学习vs2017 etcore etcore01WebApp01wwwrootmyfile", fileName);
                    using (var stream = System.IO.File.Create(path))
                    {
                        await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
                    }
                }
                MsgBox($"上传成功");
     
                return View();
            }

    从前端到后端的Action不得不说这种form表单提交的方式挺简单的,需要注意的是Action这里用的实体模型方式来对应上传的文件信息,这里自定义了MoUser类,通过属性 public List<IFormFile> MyPhoto { get; set; } 来匹配html表单中文件type='file'的name属性名称name="MyPhoto":

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    public class MoUser
        {
            public int UserId { getset; } = 1;
            public string UserName { getset; } = "神牛步行3";
     
            public List<IFormFile> MyPhoto { getset; }
        }

    这样就能通过实体模型的方式把上传的文件信息存储在自定义MoUser类中的MyPhoto属性中了;

    ajax上传一组图片

    这里需要在上面例子中的html处修改一些东西,不再使用form提交,指定了普通button按钮来触发ajax的提交,完整html代码如:

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    <form class="form-horizontal" id="form01" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
     
                    <input type="file" name="MyPhoto01" class="form-control" multiple />
                    <br />
                    <button type="button" id="btnAjax" class="btn btn-default">ajax上传</button>
                    <br />
                    <span style="color:red" id="span01"></span>
                </form>

    有了布局,再来看看具体的js实现代码,这里我采用jquery的ajax提交的方法来操作,也用到了html5新增的FormData来存储表单的数据:

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    $("#btnAjax").on("click"function () {
                var msg = $("#span01");
                var form = document.getElementById("form01");
                //console.log(form);
                var data = new FormData(form);
     
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "/home/AjaxFileUp",
                    data: data,
     
                    contentType: false,
                    processData: false,
                    success: function (data) {
                        if (data) {
                            msg.html(data.msg);
                        }
                    },
                    error: function () {
                        msg.html("上传文件异常,请稍后重试!");
                    }
                });
            });

    至于后台Action的方法和示例一的相差不大,关键点在于这里我直接使用 Request.Form.Files 方式来获取上传的所有文件,不再使用实体模型的方式了,这样测试用例更多样化吧:

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    /// <summary>
            /// ajax无上传进度效果上传
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            [HttpPost]
            public async Task<JsonResult> AjaxFileUp()
            {
                var data = new MoData { Msg = "上传失败" };
                try
                {
                    var files = Request.Form.Files.Where(b => b.Name == "MyPhoto01");
                    //非空限制
                    if (files == null || files.Count() <= 0) { data.Msg = "请选择上传的文件。"return Json(data); }
     
                    //格式限制
                    var allowType = new string[] { "image/jpeg""image/png" };
                    if (files.Any(b => !allowType.Contains(b.ContentType)))
                    {
                        data.Msg = $"只能上传{string.Join(",", allowType)}格式的文件。";
                        return Json(data);
                    }
     
                    //大小限制
                    if (files.Sum(b => b.Length) >= 1024 * 1024 * 4)
                    {
                        data.Msg = "上传文件的总大小只能在4M以下。"return Json(data);
                    }
     
                    //写入服务器磁盘
                    foreach (var file in files)
                    {
     
                        var fileName = file.FileName;
                        var path = Path.Combine(@"D:F学习vs2017 etcore etcore01WebApp01wwwrootmyfile", fileName);
                        using (var stream = System.IO.File.Create(path))
                        {
                            await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
                        }
                    }
                    data.Msg = "上传成功";
                    data.Status = 2;
     
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    data.Msg = ex.Message;
                }
                return Json(data);
            }

    如果你有耐心读到这里,那么后面的内容个人感觉对你开发会有好的帮助,不负你期待;

    ajax提交+上传进度+一组图片上传

    同样我们先来看对应的html代码,其实和示例2几乎一样,只是把名称变动了下:

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    <form class="form-horizontal" id="form02" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
     
                    <input type="file" name="MyPhoto02" class="form-control" multiple />
                    <br />
                    <button type="button" id="btnAjax02" class="btn btn-default">ajax上传进度效果上传</button>
                    <br />
                    <span style="color:red" id="span02"></span>
                </form>

    要加一个进度效果,需要用到js的定时器,定时获取上传文件的上传进度数据信息,因此这里通过js的setInterval方法来定时请求一个进度数据接口,注意用完之后需要清除这个定时器,不然一直再不断请求您接口:

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    $("#btnAjax02").on("click", function () {
     
                var interBar;
                var msg = $("#span02");
                msg.html("上传中,请稍后...");
                var form = document.getElementById("form02");
                //console.log(form);
                var data = new FormData(form);
     
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "/home/AjaxFileUp02",
                    data: data,
     
                    contentType: false,
                    processData: false,
                    success: function (data) {
                        if (data) {
                            msg.html(data.msg);
                            //清除进度查询
                            if (interBar) { clearInterval(interBar); }
                        }
                    },
                    error: function () {
                        msg.html("上传文件异常,请稍后重试!");
                        if (interBar) { clearInterval(interBar); }
                    }
                });
     
                //获取进度
                interBar = setInterval(function () {
     
                    $.post("/home/ProgresBar02", function (data) {
                      
                        if (data) {
                            var isClearVal = true;
                            var strArr = [];
                            $.each(data, function (i, item) {
                                strArr.push('文件:' + item.fileName + ",当前上传:" + item.percentBar + '<br/>');
                                if (item.status != 2) { isClearVal = false; }
                            });
                            msg.html(strArr.join(''));
                            if (isClearVal) {
                                if (interBar) { clearInterval(interBar); }
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }, 200);
            });

    既然上面说到单独的进度数据接口,那么我们除了上传Action外,也需要进度的Action,而这进度Action得到的上传文件数据信息必须和上传的Action一直,因此就需要用到缓存等存储数据的方式,这里我用的是MemoryCache的方式,对已netcore来说仅仅只需要在起始文件(如:Startup.cs)中添加组件服务:

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    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
            {
                // Add framework services.
                services.AddMvc();
     
                //添加cache支持
                services.AddDistributedMemoryCache();
            }

    然后通过构造函数注入到对应的接口Controller中去:

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    readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
     
            public HomeController(IOptions<MoOptions> options, ILogger<HomeController> logger, IMemoryCache cache)
            {
                this._options = options.Value;
                _logger = logger;
                _cache = cache;
            }

    到此我们就能利用cache来存储我们上传进度信息了,来看下处理上传的Action:

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    private string cacheKey = "UserId_UpFile";
            private string cacheKey03 = "UserId_UpFile03";
            /// <summary>
            /// ajax上传进度效果上传
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            [HttpPost]
            public async Task<JsonResult> AjaxFileUp02()
            {
                var data = new MoData { Msg = "上传失败" };
                try
                {
                    var files = Request.Form.Files.Where(b => b.Name == "MyPhoto02");
                    //非空限制
                    if (files == null || files.Count() <= 0) { data.Msg = "请选择上传的文件。"return Json(data); }
     
                    //格式限制
                    var allowType = new string[] { "image/jpeg""image/png" };
                    if (files.Any(b => !allowType.Contains(b.ContentType)))
                    {
                        data.Msg = $"只能上传{string.Join(",", allowType)}格式的文件。";
                        return Json(data);
                    }
     
                    //大小限制
                    if (files.Sum(b => b.Length) >= 1024 * 1024 * 4)
                    {
                        data.Msg = "上传文件的总大小只能在4M以下。"return Json(data);
                    }
     
                    //初始化上传多个文件的Bar,存储到缓存中,方便获取上传进度
                    var listBar = new List<MoBar>();
                    files.ToList().ForEach(b =>
                    {
                        listBar.Add(new MoBar
                        {
                            FileName = b.FileName,
                            Status = 1,
                            CurrBar = 0,
                            TotalBar = b.Length
                        });
                    });
                    _cache.Set<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey, listBar);
     
                    //写入服务器磁盘
                    foreach (var file in files)
                    {
                        //总大小
                        var totalSize = file.Length;
                        //初始化每次读取大小
                        var readSize = 1024L;
                        var bt = new byte[totalSize > readSize ? readSize : totalSize];
                        //当前已经读取的大小
                        var currentSize = 0L;
     
                        var fileName = file.FileName;
                        var path = Path.Combine(@"D:F学习vs2017 etcore etcore01WebApp01wwwrootmyfile", fileName);
                        using (var stream = System.IO.File.Create(path))
                        {
                            //await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
                            //进度条处理流程
                            using (var inputStream = file.OpenReadStream())
                            {
                                //读取上传文件流
                                while (await inputStream.ReadAsync(bt, 0, bt.Length) > 0)
                                {
     
                                    //当前读取的长度
                                    currentSize += bt.Length;
     
                                    //写入上传流到服务器文件中
                                    await stream.WriteAsync(bt, 0, bt.Length);
     
                                    //获取每次读取的大小
                                    readSize = currentSize + readSize <= totalSize ?
                                            readSize :
                                            totalSize - currentSize;
                                    //重新设置
                                    bt = new byte[readSize];
     
                                    //设置当前上传的文件进度,并重新缓存到进度缓存中
                                    var bars = _cache.Get<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey);
                                    var currBar = bars.Where(b => b.FileName == fileName).SingleOrDefault();
                                    currBar.CurrBar = currentSize;
                                    currBar.Status = currentSize >= totalSize ? 2 : 1;
                                    _cache.Set<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey, bars);
     
                                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000 * 1);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    data.Msg = "上传完成";
                    data.Status = 2;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    data.Msg = ex.Message;
                }
                return Json(data);
            }

    代码一下子就变多了,其实按照逻辑来说增加了存储进度的Cache,和逐一读取上传文件流的逻辑而已,具体大家可以仔细看下代码,都有备注说明;再来就是咋们的进度信息Action接口:

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    [HttpPost]
            public JsonResult ProgresBar02()
            {
                var bars = new List<MoBar>();
                try
                {
                    bars = _cache.Get<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                }
                return Json(bars);
            }

    进度接口只需要获取cache中的进度信息就行了,注:这里是测试用例,具体使用场景请各位自行增加其他逻辑代码;下面就来看下效果截图:

    Task并行处理+ajax提交+上传进度+一组图片上传

    这一小节,将会使用Task来处理上传的文件,通过上一小节截图能够看出,如果你上传多个文件,那么都是按照次序一个一个读取文件流来生成上传文件到服务器,这里改良一下利用Task的特点,就能实现同时读取不同文件流了,先来看下html代码和js代码:

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    <form class="form-horizontal" id="form03" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
     
                    <input type="file" name="MyPhoto03" class="form-control" multiple />
                    <br />
                    <button type="button" id="btnAjax03" class="btn btn-default">task任务处理ajax上传进度效果上传</button>
                    <br />
                    <span style="color:red" id="span03"></span>
                </form>

    由于和示例3的js代码无差别这里我直接贴出代码:

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    $("#btnAjax03").on("click"function () {
     
                var interBar;
                var msg = $("#span03");
                msg.html("上传中,请稍后...");
                var form = document.getElementById("form03");
                //console.log(form);
                var data = new FormData(form);
     
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "/home/AjaxFileUp03",
                    data: data,
     
                    contentType: false,
                    processData: false,
                    success: function (data) {
                        if (data) {
                            msg.html(data.msg);
                            //清除进度查询
                            if (interBar) { clearInterval(interBar); }
                        }
                    },
                    error: function () {
                        msg.html("上传文件异常,请稍后重试!");
                        if (interBar) { clearInterval(interBar); }
                    }
                });
     
                //获取进度
                interBar = setInterval(function () {
     
                    $.post("/home/ProgresBar03"function (data) {
                
                        if (data) {
                            var isClearVal = true;
                            var strArr = [];
                            $.each(data, function (i, item) {
                                strArr.push('文件:' + item.fileName + ",当前上传:" + item.percentBar + '<br/>');
                                if (item.status != 2) { isClearVal = false; }
                            });
                            msg.html(strArr.join(''));
                            if (isClearVal) {
                                if (interBar) { clearInterval(interBar); }
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }, 200);
            });

    关键点在后台,通过task数组来存储每个上传文件的处理任务 Task[] tasks = new Task[len]; ,然后使用 Task.WaitAll(tasks); 等待所有上传任务的完成,这里特别注意了这里必须等待,不然会丢失上传文件流(多次测试结果):

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    /// <summary>
            /// ajax上传进度效果上传
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            [HttpPost]
            public JsonResult AjaxFileUp03()
            {
                var data = new MoData { Msg = "上传失败" };
                try
                {
                    var files = Request.Form.Files.Where(b => b.Name == "MyPhoto03");
                    //非空限制
                    if (files == null || files.Count() <= 0) { data.Msg = "请选择上传的文件。"return Json(data); }
     
                    //格式限制
                    var allowType = new string[] { "image/jpeg""image/png" };
                    if (files.Any(b => !allowType.Contains(b.ContentType)))
                    {
                        data.Msg = $"只能上传{string.Join(",", allowType)}格式的文件。";
                        return Json(data);
                    }
     
                    //大小限制
                    if (files.Sum(b => b.Length) >= 1024 * 1024 * 4)
                    {
                        data.Msg = "上传文件的总大小只能在4M以下。"return Json(data);
                    }
     
                    //初始化上传多个文件的Bar,存储到缓存中,方便获取上传进度
                    var listBar = new List<MoBar>();
                    files.ToList().ForEach(b =>
                    {
                        listBar.Add(new MoBar
                        {
                            FileName = b.FileName,
                            Status = 1,
                            CurrBar = 0,
                            TotalBar = b.Length
                        });
                    });
                    _cache.Set<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey03, listBar);
     
                    var len = files.Count();
                    Task[] tasks = new Task[len];
                    //写入服务器磁盘
                    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                    {
                        var file = files.Skip(i).Take(1).SingleOrDefault();
                        tasks[i] = Task.Factory.StartNew((p) =>
                        {
                            var item = p as IFormFile;
     
                            //总大小
                            var totalSize = item.Length;
                            //初始化每次读取大小
                            var readSize = 1024L;
                            var bt = new byte[totalSize > readSize ? readSize : totalSize];
                            //当前已经读取的大小
                            var currentSize = 0L;
     
                            var fileName = item.FileName;
                            var path = Path.Combine(@"D:F学习vs2017 etcore etcore01WebApp01wwwrootmyfile", fileName);
                            using (var stream = System.IO.File.Create(path))
                            {
                                //进度条处理流程
                                using (var inputStream = item.OpenReadStream())
                                {
                                    //读取上传文件流
                                    while (inputStream.Read(bt, 0, bt.Length) > 0)
                                    {
     
                                        //当前读取的长度
                                        currentSize += bt.Length;
     
                                        //写入上传流到服务器文件中
                                        stream.Write(bt, 0, bt.Length);
     
                                        //获取每次读取的大小
                                        readSize = currentSize + readSize <= totalSize ?
                                               readSize :
                                               totalSize - currentSize;
                                        //重新设置
                                        bt = new byte[readSize];
     
                                        //设置当前上传的文件进度,并重新缓存到进度缓存中
                                        var bars = _cache.Get<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey03);
                                        var currBar = bars.Where(b => b.FileName == fileName).SingleOrDefault();
                                        currBar.CurrBar = currentSize;
                                        currBar.Status = currentSize >= totalSize ? 2 : 1;
                                        _cache.Set<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey03, bars);
     
                                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000 * 1);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
     
                        }, file);
                    }
     
                    //任务等待 ,这里必须等待,不然会丢失上传文件流
                    Task.WaitAll(tasks);
     
                    data.Msg = "上传完成";
                    data.Status = 2;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    data.Msg = ex.Message;
                }
                return Json(data);
            }

    至于获取上传进度的Action也仅仅只是读取缓存数据而已:

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    [HttpPost]
            public JsonResult ProgresBar03()
            {
                var bars = new List<MoBar>();
                try
                {
                    bars = _cache.Get<List<MoBar>>(cacheKey03);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                }
                return Json(bars);
            }

    这里再给出上传进度的实体类:

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    public class MoData
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 0:失败 1:上传中 2:成功
            /// </summary>
            public int Status { getset; }
     
            public string Msg { getset; }
        }
     
        public class MoBar : MoData
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 文件名字
            /// </summary>
            public string FileName { getset; }
     
            /// <summary>
            /// 当前上传大小
            /// </summary>
            public long CurrBar { getset; }
     
            /// <summary>
            /// 总大小
            /// </summary>
            public long TotalBar { getset; }
     
            /// <summary>
            /// 进度百分比
            /// </summary>
            public string PercentBar
            {
                get
                {
                    return $"{(this.CurrBar * 100 / this.TotalBar)}%";
                }
            }
        }

    到此task任务处理上传文件的方式就完成了,咋们来看图看效果吧:

    能够通过示例3和4的效果图对比出,没使用Task和使用的效果区别,这样效果您值得拥有,耐心读完本文内容的朋友,内容最后附上具体测试用例代码:.NetCore上传多文件的几种示例

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangruisoldier/p/7985356.html
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