1.创建分支 git branch son parent
//创建分支，是在master 分支的基础上创建
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch master nothing to commit (working directory clean) zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git branch second master zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * master f73968d my second commit second f73968d my second commit
星号表示当前所处的分支，一般master是主分支
2.删除分支 git branch -d son(如果你想要删除的分支不能删除，这时候你可以使用-D强制删除)
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * master f73968d my second commit second f73968d my second commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git branch -d master error: Cannot delete the branch 'master' which you are currently on. zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git branch -d second Deleted branch second (was f73968d). zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * master f73968d my second commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
我们不能删除当前所处的分支
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git branch second master zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * master f73968d my second commit second f73968d my second commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout second Switched to branch 'second' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av master f73968d my second commit * second f73968d my second commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git branch -d master Deleted branch master (was f73968d). zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
事实证明，主分支也是可以删除的，这个似乎不存在所谓的父类节点关系，倒是更像 拷贝
3.探索两个分支间的关系
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * second 2e32a61 master add zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git branch son second zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * second 2e32a61 master add son 2e32a61 master add zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log commit 2e32a615216de70720d314b8fe53c1bddccfd6a3 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 16:55:33 2015 +0000 master add commit f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 13 13:24:15 2015 +0000 my second commit commit 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 13 10:54:58 2015 +0000 my frist commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout son Switched to branch 'son' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av second 2e32a61 master add * son 2e32a61 master add zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log commit 2e32a615216de70720d314b8fe53c1bddccfd6a3 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 16:55:33 2015 +0000 master add commit f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 13 13:24:15 2015 +0000 my second commit commit 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 13 10:54:58 2015 +0000 my frist commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
1）创建分支以后，两个分支的内容完全相同
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim ccc.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch son # Untracked files: # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) # # ccc.txt nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git commit # On branch son # Untracked files: # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) # # ccc.txt nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git add . zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch son # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: ccc.txt # zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout second A ccc.txt Switched to branch 'second' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log commit 2e32a615216de70720d314b8fe53c1bddccfd6a3 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 16:55:33 2015 +0000 master add commit f73968df521e48d23289c5563f7ac7fbc5937b57 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 13 13:24:15 2015 +0000 my second commit commit 4c7cede87be37783ca4528fbdcd79bc08e3870fe Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 13 10:54:58 2015 +0000 my frist commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
2)当我在子分支上添加了一个修改的时候，父分支会跟着做相应的修改
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av * parent 5ad0d1e parent test son 2974d86 son test zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt bbb.txt ddd.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log -1 commit 5ad0d1ece9b7fd69a9e4deb990c8a4d05d2cbee1 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 17:32:39 2015 +0000 parent test zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout son Switched to branch 'son' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt ddd.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log -1 commit 2974d86cea7341e5921368ceb708c61f7c77e6c5 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 17:26:11 2015 +0000 son test zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim add.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim commit.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git add add.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git add commit.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git commit commit.txt [son 17619d8] son commit 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 commit.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt add.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt commit.txt ddd.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch son # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: add.txt # zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log -1 commit 17619d87e77a80ef744be6b542cd87ef2f62b71e Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 17:36:32 2015 +0000 son commit zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout parent A add.txt Switched to branch 'parent' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt add.txt bbb.txt ddd.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt add.txt bbb.txt ddd.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch parent # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: add.txt # zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log -1 commit 5ad0d1ece9b7fd69a9e4deb990c8a4d05d2cbee1 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Thu Feb 26 17:32:39 2015 +0000 parent test zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
3)终于可以对分支盖棺定论了，原来是这样的，两个分支是同步的，直到其中的一个进行了commit，否则，当我们切换两个有父子关系的分支的时候，分支会自动merge，如果父分支创建了子分支已经存在的文件，你会发现会有merge冲突。如下
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch parent # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: add.txt # # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: aaa.txt # zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout son M aaa.txt A add.txt Switched to branch 'son' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st . # On branch son # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: add.txt # # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: aaa.txt # zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim commit.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout parent M aaa.txt A add.txt Switched to branch 'parent' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim commit.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout son error: Untracked working tree file 'commit.txt' would be overwritten by merge. zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
如果我们把修改提交了，那么你就会发现两个分支是完全不关联的
4.分支变基 git rebase
zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout son Switched to branch 'son' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git st # On branch son # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: aaa.txt # no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git add . zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git commit -m "son rebase" [son e2e09c4] son rebase 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git log -1 commit e2e09c4898f9246b1d0fab2dc6845506f5960742 Author: zhangshuli <zhangshuli@vanzotec.cn> Date: Fri Feb 27 09:50:58 2015 +0000 son rebase zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git rebase parent Current branch son is up to date. zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git br -av parent 5ad0d1e parent test * son e2e09c4 son rebase zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git checkout parent Switched to branch 'parent' zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ git rebase son First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it... Fast-forwarded parent to son. zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ ls aaa.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt ddd.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$ vim aaa.txt zhangshuli@zhangshuli-MS-7817:~/myGit$
具体关于git reset 跟 git rebase的区别联系，参考飞林沙的博文git rebase(转)
之前有一点一直弄不明白，就是自己想把son rebase到parent上的时候，这时候我执行如下命令
git checkout son
git rebase parent
是不行的，后来才发现，当你希望把son rebase parent上的时候，必须先切换到parent，然后在git rebase son