以动词work为例，时态的构成形式。
|
时间动作 |
一般 (simple) |
进行 (Continuous) |
完成 (Perfect) |
完成进行 (Perfect continuous) |
|
现在 （Present） |
Works/work |
Am/is/are working |
Has/have worked |
Has/have been working |
|
过去 (Past) |
worked |
Was/were working |
Had worked |
Had been working |
|
将来 (Future) |
Will work |
Will be working |
Will have worked |
Will have been working |
|
过去将来 (Past Future) |
Would work |
Would be working |
Would have worked |
Would have been working |
l 完成进行时概述
如果单独看完成时态，它有一个基本的含义即表示到某个时间为止，该动作已经完成，所以它称作“完成时”。但是，在完成进行时里面，一般情况下，它并不表示动作的“完成”，而是表示长时间的持续状态。也就是说，完成进行时侧重于“进行”。
如果单独看进行时，它表示某个时间内动作正在进行，而完成进行时则侧重于长时间的持续状态。如果简单地说，完成进行时实际上是一种强调动作持续发生的进行时，并且含有动作反复进行的意思。
以上就是完成时、进行时、完成进行时之间的联系和区别。
完成进行时是从动作的持续状态的角度来看待一个动作的。如果再从时间的角度来看，它又可以分为过去完成进行时、现在完成进行时、将来完成进行时以及其它的一些时态。下面结合实例，来简要地叙述一下完成进行时的用法。
l 现在完成进行时
Have/has+been+动词ING形式
1、强调动作在一段时间内反复发生。
We have been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.
最近我们常常见面。
Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
你刚才在哪儿？我们一直在到处找你呢！
He has been saying that for years.
这话他已经说了好几年了。
It has been raining every day this month.
这个月天天下雨。
2、强调动作在长时间内持续不断。
All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。
She has been writing the letter since four o‘clock in the afternoon.
从下午四点钟到现在，她一直在写信。
We have been studying in this school for three years.
我们一直在这所学校学习了三年。
How long have you been watching TV?
你看了多久电视了？
过去完成进行时与将来完成进行时，同现在完成进行时的含义大致相同，一是表示反复发生的事，二是表示一直持续不断的事。
l 过去完成进行时
Had+been+动词ING形式
1、表示过去反复发生的事
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
2、表示过去持续不断的状况
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
3、含有某种感情色彩
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
l 将来完成进行时
will have+been+动词ING形式
表示动作一直持续到将来某个时间的状况。
He will have been playing on the piano by that time．
他将一直弹钢琴到那个时间。
By the time the sun rises，I shall have been sleeping for nine hours．
当太阳升起的时候，我将睡了九个小时。
He will have been studying Chinese seven years by 1980．
到1980年的时候，他学中文就达到七年了。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。