28 Prometheus

普罗米修斯

监控简介

监控就是实时的帮助我们来监控或者探测我们部署的服务是否正常运行。

常用的监控

- zabbix
  - 组件比较全，缺点：性能不高
  - 当zabbix监控大型集群的时候，怎么优化
  - 当数据库中一个表中数据超过2000w的时候，数据库的性能急剧下降
- 阿里云云监控
- 腾讯云蓝鲸监控
- 普罗米修斯（prometheus）
  - 性能比较高，底层使用（时序数据库）
  - 原生支持监控容器

普罗米修斯（prometheus）

官网：https://prometheus.io/

下载连接：https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.27.1/prometheus-2.27.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

普罗米修斯监控分为两种情况：

 1、携带metrics接口的服务（kubernetes、ETCD、Docker）

 2、不携带metrics接口的服务（Nginx、mysql、Linux主机），针对于不携带metrics接口的服务，我们需要安装一个exporter插件。

部署prometheus

# 下载
[root@prometheus opt]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.27.1/prometheus-2.27.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
[root@prometheus opt]# tar -xf prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@prometheus ~]# cd /usr/local/

# 建立超链接
[root@prometheus local]# ln -s /usr/local/prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus
[root@prometheus local]# ll
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root  30 Jun  2 09:49 prometheus -> prometheus-2.25.0.linux-amd64/

# 创建环境变量
[root@prometheus local]# cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
export PROMETHEUS_HOME=/usr/local/prometheus
PATH=$PATH:$PROMETHEUS_HOME
export PATH
EOF
[root@prometheus ~]# source /etc/profile

# 测试安装成功
[root@prometheus ~]# prometheus --version
prometheus, version 2.25.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: a6be548dbc17780d562a39c0e4bd0bd4c00ad6e2)
  build user:       root@615f028225c9
  build date:       20210217-14:17:24
  go version:       go1.15.8
  platform:         linux/amd64
  
  #查看配置文件（prometheus.yml）
  [root@prometheus ~]# cd /usr/local/prometheus
[root@prometheus prometheus]# ll
total 167984
drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434       38 Feb 18 00:11 console_libraries
drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434      173 Feb 18 00:11 consoles
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434    11357 Feb 18 00:11 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434     3420 Feb 18 00:11 NOTICE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 91044140 Feb 17 22:19 prometheus
-rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434     1170 Jun  2 18:16 prometheus.yml
-rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 80948693 Feb 17 22:21 promtool

#启动prometheus
[root@prometheus ~]# prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

#访问查看是否监控
http://172.16.1.81:9090/targets

#查看接口数据
http://172.16.1.81:9090/metrics

使用prometheus监控Linux主机（先安装exporter插件）

#三台一样
# 下载
[root@web01 opt]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.2/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

#解压
[root@web01 opt]# tar -xf node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@prometheus ~]# cd /usr/local/

#建立软连接
[root@web01 local]# ln -s /usr/local/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/node_exporter

#添加环境变量
[root@web01 local]# vim /etc/profile
export NODE_EXPORTER=/usr/local/node_exporter
export PATH=$PATH:$NODE_EXPORTER

#重载配置文件
[root@web01 ~]# source /etc/profile

#启动prometheus监控（9100端口）
[root@web01 ~]# node_exporter 
level=info ts=2021-06-02T07:01:08.509Z caller=node_exporter.go:195 msg="Listening on" address=:9100

添加到prometheus配置文件

[root@prometheus ~]# vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
  - job_name: 'Linux Node'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - "172.16.1.7:9100"
        - "172.16.1.8:9100"
        - "172.16.1.9:9100"
        
 #重载prometheus
[root@prometheus ~]# prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml  

#访问查看是否监控
http://172.16.1.81:9090/targets

使用Garafana展示数据

Garafana是业内做数据展示挺好的一款产品

下载网站：https://grafana.com/get/?plcmt=top-nav&cta=downloads

[root@prometheus opt]# rz -E
[root@prometheus opt]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 53727312 Jun  2 11:21 grafana-7.3.6-1.x86_64.rpm

[root@prometheus opt]# yum install -y grafana-7.3.6-1.x86_64.rpm

[root@prometheus opt]# systemctl start grafana-server.service

[root@prometheus opt]# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name                       
tcp6       0      0 :::3000                 :::*                    LISTEN      10137/grafana-serve 

#访问
HTTPS://172.16.1.81:3000

prometheus监控数据库

#上传解压包
[root@db01 opt]# rz -E
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7121565 Apr 22 21:33 mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@db01 opt]# tar -xf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@db01 opt]# cd /usr/local/
[root@db01 local]# ll
drwxr-xr-x  2 3434 3434 58 Jul 29  2019 mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64
#做软连接
[root@db01 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/mysqld_exporter
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 46 Jun  2 17:47 mysqld_exporter -> /usr/local/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64/

#创建用户并授权以及查看用户权限
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123

MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'exporter'@'%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant process, replication client, select on *.* to 'exporter'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user from user;
+------------+----------+
| host       | user     |
+------------+----------+
| %          | exporter |
| 127.0.0.1  | root     |
| 172.16.1.% | www      |
| ::1        | root     |
| db01       |          |
| db01       | root     |
| localhost  |          |
| localhost  | root     |
+------------+----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#添加文件
[root@db01 mysqld_exporter]# vim .my.cnf
[client]
host=172.16.1.51
user=exporter
password=123
#监控成功（9104端口）
[root@db01 mysqld_exporter]# ./mysqld_exporter  --config.my-cnf="/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf"
INFO[0000] Starting mysqld_exporter (version=0.12.1, branch=HEAD, revision=48667bf7c3b438b5e93b259f3d17b70a7c9aff96)  source="mysqld_exporter.go:257"
INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.12.7, user=root@0b3e56a7bc0a, date=20190729-12:35:58)  source="mysqld_exporter.go:258"
INFO[0000] Enabled scrapers:  
INFO[0000] Listening on :9104                            source="mysqld_exporter.go:283"

添加到prometheus配置文件

[root@prometheus ~]# vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
  - job_name: 'Mysql server'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - "172.16.1.51:9104"
#重载prometheus
[root@prometheus ~]# prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

进入网站：https://grafana.com/contact?plcmt=top-nav&cta=contactus