Serverless助力AI计算：阿里云ACK Serverless/ECI发布GPU容器实例

ACK Serverless（Serverless Kubernetes）近期基于ECI（弹性容器实例）正式推出GPU容器实例支持，让用户以serverless的方式快速运行AI计算任务，极大降低AI平台运维的负担，显著提升整体计算效率。

AI计算离不开GPU已经是行业共识，然而从零开始搭建GPU集群环境是件相对复杂的任务，包括GPU规格购买、机器准备、驱动安装、容器环境安装等。GPU资源的serverless交付方式，充分的展现了serverless的核心优势，其向用户提供标准化而且“开箱即用”的资源供给能力，用户无需购买机器也无需登录到节点安装GPU驱动，极大降低了AI平台的部署复杂度，让客户关注在AI模型和应用本身而非基础设施的搭建和维护，让使用GPU/CPU资源就如同打开水龙头一样简单方便，同时按需计费的方式让客户按照计算任务进行消费， 避免包年包月带来的高成本和资源浪费。

在ACK Serverless中创建挂载GPU的pod也非常简单，通过annotation指定所需GPU的类型，同时在resource.limits中指定GPU的个数即可（也可指定instance-type）。每个pod独占GPU，暂不支持vGPU，GPU实例的收费与ECS GPU类型收费一致，不产生额外费用，目前阿里云ECI提供如下几种规格的GPU类型：（详情请参考https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/114581.html）

vCPU	内存(GiB)	GPU类型	GPU count
2	8.0	P4	1
4	16.0	P4	1
8	32.0	P4	1
16	64.0	P4	1
32	128.0	P4	2
56	224.0	P4	4
8	32.0	V100	1
32	128.0	V100	4
64	256.0	V100	8

下面让我们通过一个简单的图片识别示例，展示如何在ACK Serverless中快速进行深度学习任务的计算。

创建Serverless Kubernetes集群

使用tensorflow进行图片识别

对于我们人类此图片的识别是极其简单不过的，然而对于机器而言则不是一件轻松的事情，其中依赖大量数据的输入和模型算法的训练，下面我们将基于已有的tensorflow模型对上个图片进行识别。

在这里我们选用了tensorflow的入门示例
镜像registry-vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ack-serverless/tensorflow是基于tensorflow官方镜像tensorflow/tensorflow:1.13.1-gpu-py3构建，在里面已经下载了示例所需models仓库：https://github.com/tensorflow/models

在serverless集群控制台基于模版创建或者使用kubectl部署如下yaml文件，pod中指定GPU类型为P4，GPU个数为1。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: tensorflow
  annotations:
    k8s.aliyun.com/eci-gpu-type : "P4"
spec:
  containers:
  - image: registry-vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ack-serverless/tensorflow
    name: tensorflow
    command:
    - "sh"
    - "-c"
    - "python models/tutorials/image/imagenet/classify_image.py"
    resources:
      limits:
        nvidia.com/gpu: "1"
  restartPolicy: OnFailure

创建pod等待执行完成，查看pod日志:

# kubectl get pod -a
NAME         READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
tensorflow   0/1       Completed   0          6m


# kubectl logs tensorflow
>> Downloading inception-2015-12-05.WARNING:tensorflow:From models/tutorials/image/imagenet/classify_image.py:141: __init__ (from tensorflow.python.platform.gfile) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Use tf.gfile.GFile.
2019-05-05 09:43:30.591730: W tensorflow/core/framework/op_def_util.cc:355] Op BatchNormWithGlobalNormalization is deprecated. It will cease to work in GraphDef version 9. Use tf.nn.batch_normalization().
2019-05-05 09:43:30.806869: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:141] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2 FMA
2019-05-05 09:43:31.075142: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_gpu_executor.cc:998] successful NUMA node read from SysFS had negative value (-1), but there must be at least one NUMA node, so returning NUMA node zero
2019-05-05 09:43:31.075725: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:150] XLA service 0x4525ce0 executing computations on platform CUDA. Devices:
2019-05-05 09:43:31.075785: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:158]   StreamExecutor device (0): Tesla P4, Compute Capability 6.1
2019-05-05 09:43:31.078667: I tensorflow/core/platform/profile_utils/cpu_utils.cc:94] CPU Frequency: 2494220000 Hz
2019-05-05 09:43:31.078953: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:150] XLA service 0x4ad0660 executing computations on platform Host. Devices:
2019-05-05 09:43:31.078980: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:158]   StreamExecutor device (0): <undefined>, <undefined>
2019-05-05 09:43:31.079294: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1433] Found device 0 with properties:
name: Tesla P4 major: 6 minor: 1 memoryClockRate(GHz): 1.1135
pciBusID: 0000:00:08.0
totalMemory: 7.43GiB freeMemory: 7.31GiB
2019-05-05 09:43:31.079327: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1512] Adding visible gpu devices: 0
2019-05-05 09:43:31.081074: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:984] Device interconnect StreamExecutor with strength 1 edge matrix:
2019-05-05 09:43:31.081104: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:990]      0
2019-05-05 09:43:31.081116: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1003] 0:   N
2019-05-05 09:43:31.081379: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1115] Created TensorFlow device (/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 7116 MB memory) -> physical GPU (device: 0, name: Tesla P4, pci bus id: 0000:00:08.0, compute capability: 6.1)
2019-05-05 09:43:32.200163: I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:152] successfully opened CUDA library libcublas.so.10.0 locally
>> Downloading inception-2015-12-05.tgz 100.0%
Successfully downloaded inception-2015-12-05.tgz 88931400 bytes.
giant panda, panda, panda bear, coon bear, Ailuropoda melanoleuca (score = 0.89107)
indri, indris, Indri indri, Indri brevicaudatus (score = 0.00779)
lesser panda, red panda, panda, bear cat, cat bear, Ailurus fulgens (score = 0.00296)
custard apple (score = 0.00147)
earthstar (score = 0.00117)

pod的日志显示模型已经成功检测到图片为panda。可以看到在整个机器学习计算过程中，我们只是运行了一个pod，当pod变成terminated状态后任务完成，没有ecs环境准备，没有购买GPU机器，没有安装Nivida GPU驱动，没有安装docker软件，计算力如同水电一样按需使用。

最后

ACK中虚拟节点也同样基于ECI实现了GPU的支持，使用方式与ACK Serverless相同（但需要把pod指定调度到虚拟节点上，或者把pod创建在有virtual-node-affinity-injection=enabled label的namespace中），基于虚拟节点的方式可以更灵活的支持多种深度学习框架，如kubeflow、arena或其他自定义CRD。

示例如下：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: tensorflow
  annotations:
    k8s.aliyun.com/eci-gpu-type : "P4"
spec:
  containers:
  - image: registry-vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ack-serverless/tensorflow
    name: tensorflow
    command:
    - "sh"
    - "-c"
    - "python models/tutorials/image/imagenet/classify_image.py"
    resources:
      limits:
        nvidia.com/gpu: "1"
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  nodeName: virtual-kubelet

本文作者：贤维

原文链接 

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