当表中有大量的foreignkey 外键时，而且后期还有可能加入一些外键时，
使用django自带的contenttype表（表结构是app名和表的对应的每个类字段）
1. Django 中的 content_type
1. 在一对多的表关系中， 添加一条数据，就要去相对应的表中修改，这样做太麻烦，可以考虑用 Content_type 中的主力一对多关系的方法，
例子
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey,GenericRelation
class Electrics(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.IntegerField(default=100)
coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘) # 用于反向查询，不会生成表字段
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Foods(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField(default=100)
coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Clothes(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.IntegerField(default=100)
coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class bed(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.IntegerField(default=100)
coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)
class Coupon(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# 保存的是 contenttype 表中的 id
content_type = models.ForeignKey(to=ContentType) # step
# 保存的是contenttype 表中的 id 表 中的 对象ID
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() # step 2
content_object = GenericForeignKey(‘content_type‘, ‘object_id‘) # step 3
def __str__(self):
return self.name
应用场景
‘‘‘
Coupon
id name content_type_id object_id
1 美的冰箱满减优惠券 9 3
2 猪蹄买一送一优惠券 10 2
3 床单买一百减五十优惠券 11 1
‘‘‘
2 . alipay 中python 的接口
pip3 install AliPay 下载一个模块
1， 涉及到公钥和私钥的问题，那么什么是公钥私钥：
1，公钥和私钥成对出现
2，公开的密钥叫公钥，只有自己知道的叫私钥
3，用公钥加密的数据只有对应的私钥可以 解密
4，用私钥加密的数据只有对应的公钥可以解密
5，如果可以用公钥解密，则必然是对应的私钥加的密
6，如果可以用私钥解密，则 必然是对应的公钥加的密
去阿里注册一个 沙箱环境的支付功能，体验一下
from datetime import datetime
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
from urllib.parse import quote_plus
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
from base64 import decodebytes, encodebytes
import json
class AliPay(object):
"""
支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口)
"""
def __init__(self, appid, app_notify_url, app_private_key_path,
alipay_public_key_path, return_url, debug=False):
self.appid = appid
self.app_notify_url = app_notify_url
self.app_private_key_path = app_private_key_path
self.app_private_key = None
self.return_url = return_url
with open(self.app_private_key_path) as fp:
self.app_private_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
self.alipay_public_key_path = alipay_public_key_path
with open(self.alipay_public_key_path) as fp:
self.alipay_public_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
if debug is True:
self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do"
else:
self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do"
def direct_pay(self, subject, out_trade_no, total_amount, return_url=None, **kwargs):
biz_content = {
"subject": subject,
"out_trade_no": out_trade_no,
"total_amount": total_amount,
"product_code": "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY",
# "qr_pay_mode":4
}
biz_content.update(kwargs)
data = self.build_body("alipay.trade.page.pay", biz_content, self.return_url)
return self.sign_data(data)
def build_body(self, method, biz_content, return_url=None):
data = {
"app_id": self.appid,
"method": method,
"charset": "utf-8",
"sign_type": "RSA2",
"timestamp": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
"version": "1.0",
"biz_content": biz_content
}
if return_url is not None:
data["notify_url"] = self.app_notify_url
data["return_url"] = self.return_url
return data
def sign_data(self, data):
data.pop("sign", None)
# 排序后的字符串
unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
unsigned_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
sign = self.sign(unsigned_string.encode("utf-8"))
# ordered_items = self.ordered_data(data)
quoted_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, quote_plus(v)) for k, v in unsigned_items)
# 获得最终的订单信息字符串
signed_string = quoted_string + "&sign=" + quote_plus(sign)
return signed_string
def ordered_data(self, data):
complex_keys = []
for key, value in data.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
complex_keys.append(key)
# 将字典类型的数据dump出来
for key in complex_keys:
data[key] = json.dumps(data[key], separators=(‘,‘, ‘:‘))
return sorted([(k, v) for k, v in data.items()])
def sign(self, unsigned_string):
# 开始计算签名
key = self.app_private_key
signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
signature = signer.sign(SHA256.new(unsigned_string))
# base64 编码，转换为unicode表示并移除回车
sign = encodebytes(signature).decode("utf8").replace("
", "")
return sign
def _verify(self, raw_content, signature):
# 开始计算签名
key = self.alipay_public_key
signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
digest = SHA256.new()
digest.update(raw_content.encode("utf8"))
if signer.verify(digest, decodebytes(signature.encode("utf8"))):
return True
return False
def verify(self, data, signature):
if "sign_type" in data:
sign_type = data.pop("sign_type")
# 排序后的字符串
unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
message = "&".join(u"{}={}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
return self._verify(message, signature)
views 视图中的 代码
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from utils.pay import AliPay
import json
import time
def ali():
# 沙箱环境地址：https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info
app_id = "2016091100486897"
# POST请求，用于最后的检测
notify_url = "http://47.94.172.250:8804/page2/"
# notify_url = "http://www.wupeiqi.com:8804/page2/"
# GET请求，用于页面的跳转展示
return_url = "http://47.94.172.250:8804/page2/"
# return_url = "http://www.wupeiqi.com:8804/page2/"
# 本地 私钥文件的位置
merchant_private_key_path = "keys/app_private_2048.txt"
# 本地 公钥文件的位置
alipay_public_key_path = "keys/alipay_public_2048.txt"
# 调用这个借口类 ， 把信息传进去
alipay = AliPay(
appid=app_id,
app_notify_url=notify_url,
return_url=return_url,
app_private_key_path=merchant_private_key_path, # 商家私钥（路飞私钥）
alipay_public_key_path=alipay_public_key_path, # 支付宝的公钥，验证支付宝回传消息使用，不是你自己的公钥
debug=True, # 默认False, 配合沙箱模式使用
)
return alipay
def page1(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, ‘page1.html‘)
else:
money = float(request.POST.get(‘money‘))
alipay = ali()
# 生成支付的url
query_params = alipay.direct_pay(
subject="充气式韩红", # 商品简单描述
out_trade_no="x2" + str(time.time()), # 商户订单号
total_amount=money, # 交易金额(单位: 元 保留俩位小数)
)
pay_url = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do?{}".format(query_params)
return redirect(pay_url)
def page2(request):
alipay = ali()
if request.method == "POST":
# 检测是否支付成功
# 去请求体中获取所有返回的数据：状态/订单号
from urllib.parse import parse_qs
body_str = request.body.decode(‘utf-8‘)
post_data = parse_qs(body_str)
post_dict = {}
for k, v in post_data.items():
post_dict[k] = v[0]
print(post_dict)
sign = post_dict.pop(‘sign‘, None)
status = alipay.verify(post_dict, sign)
print(‘POST验证‘, status)
return HttpResponse(‘POST返回‘)
else:
params = request.GET.dict()
sign = params.pop(‘sign‘, None)
status = alipay.verify(params, sign)
print(‘GET验证‘, status)
return HttpResponse(‘支付成功‘)
项目中的 srttings 中的配置
STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘ STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")] # 支付宝配置参数 ALIPAY_APPID = "你的应用id" ALIPAY_URL = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do"
url 中的 代码
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^page1/‘, views.page1),
url(r‘^page2/‘, views.page2),
]